Association between TaqIB polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and coronary artery disease in the Chinese population

Association between TaqIB polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and coronary artery disease in the Chinese population 1 first-author 1 2 1 2 corresp ‡Corresponding Author ‡Corresponding Author †E-mail:sihaizhao@mail.xjtu.edu.cn †E-mail:sihaizhao@mail.xjtu.edu.cn sihaizhao@mail.xjtu.edu.cn 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi 710061, China Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi 710061, China Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi 710061, China Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shaanxi 710061, China Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan Objective: 2 To assess whether the TaqIB polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese population, we performed a meta-analysis in this paper. Methods: 2 We searched PubMed, Embase, the Science Citation Index (SCI), the China Biological Medicine database (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang database for relevant articles. Data were extracted, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: 2 The literature search yielded 448 studies, in which 10 case-control studies including 1 694 cases and 1 456 controls matched the selection criteria. The combined B1 and B2 allele frequencies were 0.587 and 0.413, respectively. The pooled OR was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.89–1.34) for comparing the B1B1 or B1B2 carriers with B2B2 carriers, and was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.09–1.49) in the B1B1 carriers versus B2B2 or B1B2 carriers. Conclusions: 2 In the present study, the TaqIB polymorphism of CETP was found to be associated with CAD in the Chinese population. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein Coronary artery disease Polymorphism Chinese population Introduction 1 Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death, in both China and western countries (Libby, 1995 1995 ). The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in cholesterol metabolism by exchanging the cholesteryl ester in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) for the triglycerides in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or chylomicrons (Groener et al., 1986 1986 ). The CETP gene contains 25 kilobases genomic DNA with 16 exons and 15 introns, and is located on chromosome 16 (Agellon et al., 1990 1990 ). Linkage analysis has shown that a marker locus linked to the CETP locus is involved in the determination of plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and its associated lipoproteins (Bu et al., 1994 1994 ). Genetic variation at this locus has also been found to be associated with the variations of serum CETP activity and HDL-C concentration (Inazu et al., 2000 2000 ). Of the known genetic variants, the TaqIB polymorphism is common and has been studied in detail. Several studies have shown an association of the CETP intron 1 TaqIB2 allele with a high HDL-C level and TaqIB1 with a low HDL-C level (Freeman et al., 1994 1994 ; Dullaart et al., 1997 1997 ; Kuivenhoven et al., 1998 1998 ). A meta-analysis mainly including a Caucasian population found that the CETP TaqIB variant is firmly associated with HDL-C plasma levels, and as a result, with the risk of CAD (Boekholdt et al., 2005 2005 ). However, whether the TaqIB polymorphism of CETP is associated with CAD remains unclear in studies mainly including Chinese subjects (Wu et al., 2001 2001 ; Qin et al., 2004 2004 ; Wang et al., 2004 2004 ; Yan et al., 2004 2004 ; Zhao et al., 2004 2004 ; Zheng et al., 2004 2004 ; Zhang Y. et al., 2003 2003 ; Zhang G. et al., 2005 2005 ; Wang, 2006 2006 ; Li et al., 2007 2007 ). Therefore, in this paper we performed a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between the TaqIB polymorphism of CETP and CAD in Chinese populations. Materials and methods 1 Eligibility criteria 2 The inclusion criteria were: (1) un-related case-control studies; (2) complete data with genotype and allele frequencies (a genotype frequency of cases and controls is within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium); (3) the publications that could be written in any language. Reports of duplicated studies were excluded by examining the author list, parent institution, sample size, and results. Information sources and searches 2 The PubMed, Embase, the Science Citation Index (SCI), the China Biological Medicine database (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang database for relevant articles were searched. The keywords used in literature searching included: cholesteryl ester transfer protein, coronary artery disease, polymorphism, Chinese population, CETP and variants, and genetics. Synthesis of results 2 Two authors (Drs. En-qi LIU and Si-hai ZHAO) independently screened titles and abstracts for potential eligibility and the full texts for final eligibility. We extracted the data independently from the included trials for quantitative analyses, and any disagreements were subsequently resolved by discussion. The measure of association used in this meta-analysis was the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The summary OR with the 95% CI was calculated with Revman 5.0 software using the fixed effect model (Review Manager Version 5.0 for Windows; the Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). A statistically significant result was assumed when the 95% CI did not include 1. Heterogeneity was explored using a chi-square test, and the quantity of heterogeneity was measured using the I 2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plot. Results 1 Baseline characteristics of cases and controls 2 Fig. 1 1 shows the results of the study screen. The literature search yielded 448 studies, 10 of which matched the selection criteria. The combined sample size was 3 150 (1 694 cases; 1 456 controls). There was unanimous agreement between the two authors (Drs. En-qi LIU and Si-hai ZHAO) regarding the selection of relevant articles. The baseline characteristics in the 10 included trials are summarized in Table 1 1 . n S : number of samples; n M / n F : male number/female number; n G : number of genotype Mean age is expressed as mean±SD Mean age is expressed as mean Mean age is expressed as range 2 Study 2 n S 2 Mean age (year) 2 n M / n F 3 n G 2 Allele frequency B1B1 B1B2 B2B2 B1 B2 Li et al., 2007 2007  Case 176 61.7±12.5 a a 82 73 21 0.588 0.412  Control 40 55.8±13.1 15 19 6 0.584 0.416 Qin et al., 2004 2004  Case 249 58.8±8.9 169/80 81 131 37 0.588 0.412  Control 167 55.1±9.0 89/78 49 97 21 0.584 0.416 Wang et al., 2004 2004  Case 128 62.9±5.6 82/46 50 66 12 0.648 0.352  Control 247 59.5±8.4 142/105 72 123 52 0.540 0.460 Wang, 2006 2006  Case 123 62.36 b b 44/59 38 65 20 0.568 0.432  Control 103 48.17 84/39 33 51 19 0.573 0.427 Wu et al., 2001 2001  Case 149 20–82 c c 45 79 25 0.595 0.405  Control 274 28–83 63 159 52 0.584 0.416 Yan et al., 2004 2004  Case 106 60±9 81/25 41 46 19 0.604 0.396  Control 64 57±11 31/33 19 34 11 0.564 0.437 Zhang G. et al., 2005 2005  Case 88 65±10 31 40 17 0.580 0.420  Control 94 54±18 32 50 12 0.606 0.394 Zhang Y. et al., 2003 2003  Case 234 59.5±8.2 135/99 76 126 32 0.595 0.405  Control 164 58.2±9.3 98/66 49 95 20 0.588 0.412 Zhao et al., 2004 2004  Case 238 2 61.3±9.2 2 224/217 95 105 38 0.620 0.380  Control 203 60 109 34 0.564 0.436 Zheng et al., 2004 2004  Case 203 59.3±8.7 137/77 66 114 23 0.606 0.394  Control 100 58.4±6.5 66/34 33 55 12 0.605 0.395 Primary meta-analysis 2 In this study, fixed effect model was used to analyze the ten included studies. The combined B1 and B2 allele frequencies were 0.587 and 0.413, respectively. Overall, the pooled OR was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.89–1.34, P =0.38) when comparing B1B1 or B1B2 carriers with B2B2 carriers. Using OR as the measure of effect, the Cochran homogeneity test statistic yielded a P value of 0.34, and the heterogeneity was I 2 =11% (Fig. 2 2 ). The pooled OR was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.09–1.49, P =0.002) when comparing B1B1 carriers with B1B2 or B2B2 carriers. The Cochran homogeneity test statistic yielded a P value of 0.79, and the heterogeneity was I 2 =0% (Fig. 3 3 ). Test for heterogeneity: chi-squared statistic with its degrees of freedom ( df ) and P -value; Inconsistency among results: I 2 ; Test for overall effect: Z statistic with P -value Test for heterogeneity: chi-squared statistic with its degrees of freedom ( df ) and P -value; Inconsistency among results: I 2 ; Test for overall effect: Z statistic with P -value Publication bias 2 We performed a funnel plot analysis to explore publication bias. All ten included studies for the comparison of B1B1 carriers with B1B2 or B2B2 carriers lied within the 95% CI line and the funnel plot did not show asymmetry. However, asymmetrical plot for comparison of B1B1 or B1B2 carriers with B2B2 carriers implied the existence of some publication bias (Fig. 4 4 ). Dashed lines represent the 95% CI lines. SE: standard error, expressed as logOR; OR: odds ratio 4 Discussion 2 As a modulator of HDL-C levels, CETP plays an important role in the molecular mechanism of human atherogenesis (Barter and Rye, 2001 2001 ; Barter et al., 2003 2003 ). The TaqIB polymorphism in the CETP gene, located in intron 1, has played a prominent role in genetic association studies investigating the relation between CETP activity, lipids, and CAD risk. The CETP TaqIB variant was firmly associated with the risk of CAD in Caucasians (Boekholdt et al., 2005 2005 ). However, the association remains unclear in Chinese populations (Wu et al., 2001 2001 ; Zhang Y. et al., 2003 2003 ; Qin et al., 2004 2004 ; Wang et al., 2004 2004 ; Yan et al., 2004 2004 ; Zhao et al., 2004 2004 ; Zheng et al., 2004 2004 ; Zhang G. et al., 2005 2005 ; Wang, 2006 2006 ; Li et al., 2007 2007 ). In this meta-analysis, we observed that the TaqIB polymorphism in the CETP gene exhibited a significant association with CAD in Chinese populations. The pooled OR was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.09–1.49) in the B1B1 carriers versus B2B2 or B1B2 carriers. The TaqIB genotype was still significantly associated with a higher risk of CAD in B1B1 individuals compared with B1B2 individuals and B2B2 individuals in Chinese populations. The B2 allele of the TaqIB polymorphism has been shown to be associated with higher HDL-C concentrations, and decreased CETP activity and CETP concentration (Kauma et al., 1996 1996 ; Corbex et al., 2000 2000 ; Ordovas et al., 2000 2000 ). The TaqIB B1 allele has been marginally associated with the risk of developing CAD (Ordovas et al., 2000 2000 ; Brousseau et al., 2002 2002 ). Allele frequencies of the TaqIB polymorphism have been previously reported to differ by racial/ethnic groups (Cuchel et al., 2002 2002 ; Liu et al., 2002 2002 ). In this study, the allele frequencies of the TaqIB polymorphism in Chinese populations are similar to Caucasian populations reported by Tsai et al. ( 2008 2008 ). In the Korean population, the B1B1 homozygote of the CETP TaqIB polymorphism is associated with low HDL-C levels in females and non-smoking males, and may be an independent genetic risk factor of CAD (Park et al., 2003 2003 ). It was also reported that the B2B2 genotype in CETP TaqIB polymorphism may act as a protective factor against atherosclerosis in Japanese (Goto et al., 2001 2001 ). The results of this study also agree with these previous reports in different racial populations. In conclusion, the TaqIB polymorphism of CETP was found to be associated with CAD in Chinese populations. The present study suggests that allele B1 might be a genetic risk factor for CAD in Chinese populations. These results may help predict future diseases, and allow for early diagnosis and prevention of CAD. The results also help to understand the mechanism of CAD and develop new drugs for CAD-related diseases. It is important to mention that there were limitations in this meta-analysis. Though the main worldwide biomedical databases were searched to identify potential randomized control trails (RCTs), publication bias could not be avoided completely. In our study, an asymmetrical plot for comparison of B1B1 or B1B2 carriers with B2B2 carriers was found, implying the existence of some publication bias. References LB Agellon , EM Quinet , TG Gillette , DT Drayna , ML Brown , AR Tall . Organization of the human cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene . Biochemistry , 1990 . 29 ( 6 ): 1372 - 1376 . 2334701 DOI: 10.1021/bi00458a004 http://doi.org/10.1021/bi00458a004 . Organization of the human cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene PJ Barter , K Rye . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein, high density lipoprotein and arterial disease . Curr Opin Lipidol , 2001 . 12 ( 4 ): 377 - 382 . 11507321 DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200108000-00002 http://doi.org/10.1097/00041433-200108000-00002 . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein, high density lipoprotein and arterial disease PJ Barter , HB Brewer , MJ Chapman , CH Hennekens , DJ Rader , AR Tall . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: a novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , 2003 . 23 ( 2 ): 160 - 167 . 12588754 DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000054658.91146.64 http://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000054658.91146.64 . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: a novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis SM Boekholdt , FM Sacks , JW Jukema , J Shepherd , DJ Freeman , AD McMahon , F Cambien , V Nicaud , GJ de Grooth , PJ Talmud , 等 . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB variant, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, cardiovascular risk, and efficacy of pravastatin treatment: individual patient meta-analysis of 13 677 subjects . Circulation , 2005 . 111 ( 3 ): 278 - 287 . 15655129 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000153341.46271.40 http://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000153341.46271.40 . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB variant, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, cardiovascular risk, and efficacy of pravastatin treatment: individual patient meta-analysis of 13 677 subjects ME Brousseau , JJ O′Connor , JM Ordovas , D Collins , JD Otvos , T Massov , JR McNamara , HB Rubins , SJ Robins , EJ Schaefer . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqI B2B2 genotype is associated with higher HDL cholesterol levels and lower risk of coronary heart disease end points in men with HDL deficiency: Veterans Affairs HDL Cholesterol Intervention Trial . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , 2002 . 22 ( 7 ): 1148 - 1154 . 12117730 DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000024566.57589.2E http://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000024566.57589.2E . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqI B2B2 genotype is associated with higher HDL cholesterol levels and lower risk of coronary heart disease end points in men with HDL deficiency: Veterans Affairs HDL Cholesterol Intervention Trial X Bu , CH Warden , YR Xia , C de Meester , DL Puppione , S Teruya , B Lokensgard , S Daneshmand , J Brown , RJ Gray . Linkage analysis of the genetic determinants of high density lipoprotein concentrations and composition: evidence for involvement of the apolipoprotein A-II and cholesteryl ester transfer protein loci . Hum Genet , 1994 . 93 ( 6 ): 639 - 648 . 8005588 DOI: 10.1007/BF00201563 http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201563 . Linkage analysis of the genetic determinants of high density lipoprotein concentrations and composition: evidence for involvement of the apolipoprotein A-II and cholesteryl ester transfer protein loci M Corbex , O Poirier , F Fumeron , D Betoulle , A Evans , JB Ruidavets , D Arveiler , G Luc , L Tiret , F Cambien . Extensive association analysis between the CETP gene and coronary heart disease phenotypes reveals several putative functional polymorphisms and gene-environment interaction . Genet Epidemiol , 2000 . 19 ( 1 ): 64 - 80 . 10861897 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2272(200007)19:1<64::AID-GEPI5>3.0.CO;2-E http://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2272(200007)19:1<64::AID-GEPI5>3.0.CO;2-E . Extensive association analysis between the CETP gene and coronary heart disease phenotypes reveals several putative functional polymorphisms and gene-environment interaction M Cuchel , ML Wolfe , AS de Lemos , DJ Rader . The frequency of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqI B2 allele is lower in African Americans than in Caucasians . Atherosclerosis , 2002 . 163 ( 1 ): 169 - 174 . 12048136 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00769-9 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00769-9 . The frequency of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqI B2 allele is lower in African Americans than in Caucasians RP Dullaart , K Hoogenberg , SC Riemens , JE Groener , A van Tol , WJ Sluiter , BK Stulp . Cholesterol ester transfer protein gene polymorphism is a determinant of HDL cholesterol and of the lipoprotein response to a lipid-lowering diet in type 1 diabetes . Diabetes , 1997 . 46 ( 12 ): 2082 - 2087 . 9392500 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.46.12.2082 http://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.46.12.2082 . Cholesterol ester transfer protein gene polymorphism is a determinant of HDL cholesterol and of the lipoprotein response to a lipid-lowering diet in type 1 diabetes DJ Freeman , BA Griffin , AP Holmes , GM Lindsay , D Gaffney , CJ Packard , J Shepherd . Regulation of plasma HDL cholesterol and subfraction distribution by genetic and invironmental factors. Association between the Taq1B RFLP in the CETP gene . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , 1994 . 14 ( 3 ): 336 - 344 . DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.14.3.336 http://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.14.3.336 . Regulation of plasma HDL cholesterol and subfraction distribution by genetic and invironmental factors. Association between the Taq1B RFLP in the CETP gene A Goto , K Sasai , S Suzuki , T Fukutomi , S Ito , T Matsushita , M Okamoto , T Suzuki , M Itoh , K Okumura-Noji , 等 . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and atherosclerosis in Japanese subjects: a study based on coronary angiography . Atherosclerosis , 2001 . 159 ( 1 ): 153 - 163 . 11689217 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00476-2 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00476-2 . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and atherosclerosis in Japanese subjects: a study based on coronary angiography JE Groener , RW Pelton , GM Kostner . Improved estimation of cholesterol ester transfer/exchange activity in serum or plasma . Clin Chem , 1986 . 32 ( 2 ): 283 - 286 . 3943188 . Improved estimation of cholesterol ester transfer/exchange activity in serum or plasma A Inazu , J Koizumi , H Mabuchi . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and atherosclerosis . Curr Opin Lipidol , 2000 . 11 ( 4 ): 389 - 396 . 10945721 DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200008000-00008 http://doi.org/10.1097/00041433-200008000-00008 . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and atherosclerosis H Kauma , MJ Savolainen , R Heikkilä , AO Rantala , M Lilja , A Reunanen , YA Kesäniemi . Sex difference in the regulation of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol by genetic and environmental factors . Hum Genet , 1996 . 97 ( 2 ): 156 - 162 . 8566946 DOI: 10.1007/BF02265258 http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02265258 . Sex difference in the regulation of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol by genetic and environmental factors JA Kuivenhoven , JW Jukema , AH Zwinderman , P de Knijff , R McPherson , AV Bruschke , KI Lie , JJ Kastelein . The role of a common variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study Group . New Engl J Med , 1998 . 338 ( 2 ): 86 - 93 . 9420339 DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199801083380203 http://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199801083380203 . The role of a common variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study Group J Li , B Deng , L Lv , M Zhao , L Zheng . The association of the cholesterol ester transfer protein TaqIB polymorphism with the plasma lipids in patients with acute coronary syndrome . J Clin Cardiol , 2007 . 23 ( 9 ): 663 - 665 . (in Chinese) . The association of the cholesterol ester transfer protein TaqIB polymorphism with the plasma lipids in patients with acute coronary syndrome P Libby . Molecular bases of the acute coronary syndromes . Circulation , 1995 . 91 ( 11 ): 2844 - 2850 . 7758192 . Molecular bases of the acute coronary syndromes S Liu , C Schmitz , MJ Stampfer , F Sacks , CH Hennekens , K Lindpaintner , PM Ridker . A prospective study of TaqIB polymorphism in the gene coding for cholesteryl ester transfer protein and risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men . Atherosclerosis , 2002 . 161 ( 2 ): 469 - 474 . 11888533 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00673-6 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00673-6 . A prospective study of TaqIB polymorphism in the gene coding for cholesteryl ester transfer protein and risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men JM Ordovas , LA Cupples , D Corella , JD Otvos , D Osgood , A Martinez , C Lahoz , O Coltell , PW Wilson , EJ Schaefer . Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein- TaqIB polymorphism with variations in lipoprotein subclasses and coronary heart disease risk: the Framingham study . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , 2000 . 20 ( 5 ): 1323 - 1329 . 10807749 DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.20.5.1323 http://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.20.5.1323 . Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein-TaqIB polymorphism with variations in lipoprotein subclasses and coronary heart disease risk: the Framingham study KW Park , JH Choi , HK Kim , S Oh , IH Chae , HS Kim , BH Oh , MM Lee , YB Park , YS Choi . The association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphism with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease in Koreans . Clin Genet , 2003 . 63 ( 1 ): 31 - 38 . 12519369 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.630105.x http://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.630105.x . The association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphism with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease in Koreans Q Qin , B Zhao , J Geng , Y Li , R Cui , Y Mao , R Hui . The association of the lipoprotein lipase S447X and cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB polymorphism with coronary heart disease . Chin J Cardiol , 2004 . 32 ( 6 ): 522 - 525 . (in Chinese) . The association of the lipoprotein lipase S447X and cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB polymorphism with coronary heart disease MY Tsai , C Johnson , WH Kao , AR Sharrett , VL Arends , R Kronmal , NS Jenny , DR Jacobs , D Arnett , D O′Leary , 等 . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein genetic polymorphisms, HDL cholesterol, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis . Atherosclerosis , 2008 . 200 ( 2 ): 359 - 367 . 18243217 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.038 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.038 . Cholesteryl ester transfer protein genetic polymorphisms, HDL cholesterol, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis W Wang , X Zhou , F Liu , H Hu , D Han . Association of the TaqIB polymorphism and D442G mutation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene with coronary heart disease . Chin J Cardiol , 2004 . 32 ( 11 ): 981 - 985 . (in Chinese) . Association of the TaqIB polymorphism and D442G mutation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene with coronary heart disease Y Wang . The Effects of Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein Polymorphism on Plasma Lipids Level and Its Relationship with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease , 2006 . : Beijing, China Peking Union Medical College , MS Thesis (in Chinese) . The Effects of Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein Polymorphism on Plasma Lipids Level and Its Relationship with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease JH Wu , YT Lee , HC Hsu , LL Hsieh . Influence of CETP gene variation on plasma lipid levels and coronary heart disease: a survey in Taiwan . Atherosclerosis , 2001 . 159 ( 2 ): 451 - 458 . 11730826 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00524-X http://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00524-X . Influence of CETP gene variation on plasma lipid levels and coronary heart disease: a survey in Taiwan S Yan , Y Zhu , S Cheng , Y Song , X Yan , W Zhu . Relationship between coronary heart disease and TaqIB & Msp I polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in Han nationality . Chin J Lab Med , 2004 . 27 ( 10 ): 671 - 675 . (in Chinese) . Relationship between coronary heart disease and TaqIB & Msp I polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in Han nationality G Zhang , Z Jiang , B Sun , Y Lu , Q Wen , W Zhuang , F Wang . Relationship of TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene to coronary artery disease . Chin J Arterioscler , 2005 . 13 ( 1 ): 88 - 90 . (in Chinese) . Relationship of TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene to coronary artery disease Y Zhang , J Geng , Q Qin , Y Mao , R Cui . The effects of TaqIB polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein on coronary heart disease . Tianjin Med J , 2003 . 31 ( 12 ): 758 - 760 . (in Chinese) . The effects of TaqIB polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein on coronary heart disease S Zhao , H Li , Z Xiao , Z Nie . The effects of TaqIB polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein on plasma lipoprotein level . Chin J Cardiol , 2004 . 32 ( 9 ): 816 - 818 . (in Chinese) . The effects of TaqIB polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein on plasma lipoprotein level KQ Zheng , SZ Zhang , Y He , L Zhang , KL Zhang , DJ Huang , Y Sun . Association between cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms and variations in lipid levels in patients with coronary heart disease . Chin Med J (Engl) , 2004 . 117 ( 9 ): 1288 - 1292 . (in Chinese) 15377415 . Association between cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms and variations in lipid levels in patients with coronary heart disease 10.1631/jzus.B1100264 Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30900526 and 81070250), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20100471616) 2011-08-17 2012-04-01 2011-10-28 2022-01-05 Copyright © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 2012 Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine and Biotechnology) 05 13