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- Abstract：The use of nitrification inhibitors has been suggested as a strategy to decrease cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops. However, the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd accumulation remains to be elucidated, and whether and how changes in soil microbial structure are involved in this process also remains unclear. To address these questions, this study applied three commercial nitrification inhibitors, namely, dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and nitrapyrin, to pakchoi. The results showed that both DCD and DMPP (but not nitrapyrin) could efficiently decrease Cd concentrations in pakchoi in urea- and ammonium-fertilized soils. In addition, among the three tested nitrification inhibitors, DMPP was the most efficient at decreasing the Cd concentration in pakchoi. The nitrification inhibitors decreased pakchoi Cd concentrations by suppressing acidification-induced Cd availability and reshaping the soil microbial structure; the most effective nitrification inhibitor was DMPP. Ammonia oxidation generates the most protons during nitrification and is inhibited by nitrification inhibitors. Changes in environmental factors and predatory bacterial abundance caused by the nitrification inhibitors changed the soil microbial structure and increased the potential participants in plant Cd accumulation. In summary, our study identified DMPP as the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd contamination and observed that the soil microbial structural changes caused by the nitrification inhibitors contributed to decreasing Cd concentration in pakchoi.Keywords：Cadmium;Nitrification inhibitor;Soil microbial structure;Safe crop production0|39|0
Updated：2023-10-23 - Abstract：Magnesium-doped calcium silicate (CS) bioceramic scaffolds have unique advantages in mandibular defect repair; however, they lack antibacterial properties to cope with the complex oral microbiome. Herein, for the first time, the CS scaffold was functionally modified with a novel polydopamine (PDA) copper (PDA(Cu2+)) rapid deposition method, to construct internal modified (*P), external modified (@PDA) and dual modified (*P@PDA) scaffolds. The morphology, degradation behavior and mechanical properties of the obtained scaffolds were evaluated in vitro. The results showed that the CS*P@PDA had a unique micro-/nano-structural surface and appreciable mechanical resistance. During the prolonged immersion stage, the release of copper ions from the CS*P@PDA scaffolds was rapid in the early stage and exhibited long-term sustained release. The in vitro evaluation revealed that the release behavior of copper ions ascribed an excellent antibacterial effect to the CS*P@PDA, while the scaffolds retained good cytocompatibility with improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis effects. Finally, the PDA(Cu2+) modified scaffolds showed effective early bone regeneration in a critical-size rabbit mandibular defect model. Overall, it was indicated that considerable antibacterial property along with the enhancement of alveolar bone regeneration can be imparted to the scaffold by the two-step PDA(Cu2+) modification, and the convenience and wide applicability of this technique make it a promising strategy to avoid bacterial infections on implants.Keywords：Polydopamine (Cu2+) modification;Antibacterial properties;Bone regeneration;Angiogenesis;Bioceramic scaffolds.17|3|0Updated：2023-06-10
- Abstract：Multicellular spheroids, which mimic the natural organ counterparts, allow the prospect of drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, their application is hampered by low processing efficiency or limited scale. This study introduces an efficient method to drive rapid multicellular spheroid formation by a cellulose nanofibril matrix. This matrix enables the facilitated growth of spheroids (within 48 hours) through multiple cell assembly into size-controllable aggregates with well-organized physiological microstructure. The efficiency, dimension, and conformation of the as-formed spheroids depend on the concentration of extracellular nanofibrils, the number of assembled cells, and the heterogeneity of cell types. The above strategy allows the robust formation mechanism of compacted tumoroids and hepatocyte spheroids.Keywords：Cellulose;Nanofibril;Matrix;Self-Assembly;Spheroid52|6|0Updated：2023-05-15
- Abstract：Folic acid (FA) plays an important role in cell metabolism. In this study, we primarily looked at the protective effect of FA on PC12 cytotoxicity induced by lead acetate. PC12 cells were exposed to lead-free medium and 10μmol/L lead-acetate culture solution for 24h. Medium with FA proportions of 0mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 5mg/L, and 50mg/L continued to function. After 24h, 48h, and 72h, we collected PC12 cells, and detected cell proliferation or inhibition with the MTT method. We extracted cell protein and detected the activities of SOD, MDA, and GSH-PX in each group. The immunofluorescence method was used to study the expression of caspase-3 protein. Changes of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the cell-culture fluid were detected with ELISA. The results showed that lead exposure inhibited cell growth (P < 0.05), increased intracellular MDA content, SOD activity, and caspase-3 protein expression (P < 0.05), and decreased GSH-PX activity and Aβ40 protein expression (P < 0.05). FA intervention can increase cell proliferation, enhance the activity of SOD and GSH-PX (P < 0.05), and reduce cell MDA content and caspase-3 protein expression (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Aβ40 and Aβ42 content between the groups (P > 0.05). The study found that FA could be a highly effective approach against lead-associated PC12 cell toxicity.Keywords：Lead;Folic acid;PC12 cells;Oxidative stress;Apoptosis27|0|0Updated：2022-06-07
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