Latest Issue
      Vol. 25 ， Issue 4 ， 2024

        Review

      • Yulin GUO,Feng CAO,Fei LI
        Vol. 25, Issue 4, Pages: 271-279(2024) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300070
        Abstract：Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) can be induced by various kinds of diseases, including chronic pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis, and post-pancreatectomy. The main pathogenetic mechanism of PEI involves the decline of trypsin synthesis, disorder of pancreatic fluid flow, and imbalance of secretion feedback. Animal studies have shown that PEI could induce gut bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis, with the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium increasing the most, which could be partially reversed by pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Clinical studies have also confirmed the association between PEI and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Pancreatic exocrine secretions and changes in duodenal pH as well as bile salt malabsorption brought about by PEI may affect and shape the abundance and composition of gut microbiota. In turn, the gut microbiota may impact the pancreatic exocrine acinus through potential bidirectional crosstalk. Going forward, more and higher-quality studies are needed that focus on the mechanism underlying the impact of PEI on the gut microbiota.  
        Keywords：Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency;Gut microbiota;Gut microbiome;Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy   
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        Published：2024-04-07
      • Siyi LIN,Xinyu HE,Ying WANG,Yu CHEN,Aifu LIN
        Vol. 25, Issue 4, Pages: 280-292(2024) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300497
        Abstract：Cells within tissues are subject to various mechanical forces, including hydrostatic pressure, shear stress, compression, and tension. These mechanical stimuli can be converted into biochemical signals through mechanoreceptors or cytoskeleton-dependent response processes, shaping the microenvironment and maintaining cellular physiological balance. Several studies have demonstrated the roles of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) as mechanotransducers, exerting dynamic influence on cellular phenotypes including differentiation and disease pathogenesis. This regulatory function entails the involvement of the cytoskeleton, nucleoskeleton, integrin, focal adhesions (FAs), and the integration of multiple signaling pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), wingless/integrated (WNT), and Hippo signaling. Furthermore, emerging evidence substantiates the implication of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as mechanosensitive molecules in cellular mechanotransduction. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms through which YAP/TAZ and lncRNAs serve as effectors in responding to mechanical stimuli. Additionally, we summarize and elaborate on the crucial signal molecules involved in mechanotransduction.  
        Keywords：YAP/TAZ;Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA);Mechanotransduction;F-actin   
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        Published：2024-04-07

        Research Article

      • Reshma PATIL,Aizi Nor Mazila RAMLI,Ang Shu XUAN,Ng Zhi XIN,Nur Izyan Wan AZELEE,Prakash BHUYAR
        Vol. 25, Issue 4, Pages: 293-306(2024) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300383
        Abstract：The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species globally. The present study investigated the effect of synbiotics on the growth and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius. Different synbiotics formulations were applied by spraying mushroom samples daily and measuring their growth parameters, yield, biological efficiency, proximate composition, mineral content, total phenolic content (TPC), and diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Results demonstrated that the most significant yield of oyster mushrooms was harvested from synbiotics sprayed with inulin and Lactobacillus casei (56.92 g). Likewise, the highest biological efficiency obtained with a similar synbiotic was 12.65%. Combining inulin and L. casei was the most effective method of improving the mushrooms’ growth performance and nutrient content in both samples. Furthermore, synbiotics that combined inulin and L. casei resulted in the highest TPC (20.550 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry extract (DE)) in white oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus). In comparison, in grey mushroom (P. pulmonarius) the highest TPC was yielded by L. casei (1.098 mg GAE/g DE) followed by inulin and L. casei (1.079 mg GAE/g DE). The DPPH results indicated that the oyster mushroom could be an efficient antioxidant. The results revealed that applying synbiotics improved the mushrooms’ quality by increasing their antioxidant capacity with higher amounts of phenolic compounds and offering better health benefits with the increased levels of mineral elements. Together, these studies demonstrated the potential of using synbiotics as a biofertilizer, which is helpful for mushroom cultivation; therefore, it might solve the challenge of inconsistent quality mushroom growers face.  
        Keywords：Antioxidant;Biofertilizer;Growth performance;Mushroom cultivation;Pleurotus;Synbiotics   
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        Published：2024-04-07
      • Xufeng FU,Hang HAN,Hong YANG,Bo XU,Wenjie DAI,Ling LIU,Tiantian HE,Xing DU,Xiuying PEI
        Vol. 25, Issue 4, Pages: 307-323(2024) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300138
        Abstract：Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become hazardous materials due to the massive amount of plastic waste and disposable masks, but their specific health effects remain uncertain. In this study, fluorescence-labeled polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) were injected into the circulatory systems of mice to determine the distribution and potential toxic effects of NPs in vivo. Interestingly, whole-body imaging found that PS-NPs accumulated in the testes of mice. Therefore, the toxic effects of PS-NPs on the reproduction systems and the spermatocytes cell line of male mice, and their mechanisms, were investigated. After oral exposure to PS-NPs, their spermatogenesis was affected and the spermatogenic cells were damaged. The spermatocyte cell line GC-2 was exposed to PS-NPs and analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to determine the toxic mechanisms; a ferroptosis pathway was found after PS-NP exposure. The phenomena and indicators of ferroptosis were then determined and verified by ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), and it was also found that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) played an important role in spermatogenic cell ferroptosis induced by PS-NPs. Finally, it was confirmed in vivo that this mechanism of Nrf2 played a protective role in PS-NPs-induced male reproductive toxicity. This study demonstrated that PS-NPs induce male reproductive dysfunction in mice by causing spermatogenic cell ferroptosis dependent on Nrf2.  
        Keywords：Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs);Reproductive toxicity;Ferroptosis;Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)   
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        Published：2024-04-07
      • Natalia V. DEMENTIEVA,Yuri S. SHCHERBAKOV,Olga I. STANISHEVSKAYA,Anatoly B. VAKHRAMEEV,Tatiana A. LARKINA,Artem P. DYSIN,Olga A. NIKOLAEVA,Anna E. RYABOVA,Anastasiia I. AZOVTSEVA,Olga V. MITROFANOVA,Grigoriy K. PEGLIVANYAN,Natalia R. REINBACH,Darren K. GRIFFIN,Michael N. ROMANOV
        Vol. 25, Issue 4, Pages: 324-340(2024) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300443
        Abstract：The worldwide chicken gene pool encompasses a remarkable, but shrinking, number of divergently selected breeds of diverse origin. This study was a large-scale genome-wide analysis of the landscape of the complex molecular architecture, genetic variability, and detailed structure among 49 populations. These populations represent a significant sample of the world’s chicken breeds from Europe (Russia, Czech Republic, France, Spain, UK, etc.), Asia (China), North America (USA), and Oceania (Australia). Based on the results of breed genotyping using the Illumina 60K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip, a bioinformatic analysis was carried out. This included the calculation of heterozygosity/homozygosity statistics, inbreeding coefficients, and effective population size. It also included assessment of linkage disequilibrium and construction of phylogenetic trees. Using multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and ADMIXTURE-assisted global ancestry analysis, we explored the genetic structure of populations and subpopulations in each breed. An overall 49-population phylogeny analysis was also performed, and a refined evolutionary model of chicken breed formation was proposed, which included egg, meat, dual-purpose types, and ambiguous breeds. Such a large-scale survey of genetic resources in poultry farming using modern genomic methods is of great interest both from the viewpoint of a general understanding of the genetics of the domestic chicken and for the further development of genomic technologies and approaches in poultry breeding. In general, whole genome SNP genotyping of promising chicken breeds from the worldwide gene pool will promote the further development of modern genomic science as applied to poultry.  
        Keywords：Chicken genome diversity;Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis;Gene pool;Global ancestry;Phylogeny;Demographic history   
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        Published：2024-04-07
      • Zhibin YAN,Ying SHI,Runling YANG,Jijun XUE,Caiyun FU
        Vol. 25, Issue 4, Pages: 341-353(2024) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300033
        Abstract：Kidney fibrosis is an inevitable result of various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) and significantly contributes to end-stage renal failure. Currently, there is no specific treatment available for renal fibrosis. ELA13 (amino acid sequence: RRCMPLHSRVPFP) is a conserved region of ELABELA in all vertebrates; however, its biological activity has been very little studied. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of ELA13 on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated NRK-52E cells and unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) mice. Our results demonstrated that ELA13 could improve renal function by reducing creatinine and urea nitrogen content in serum, and reduce the expression of fibrosis biomarkers confirmed by Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot. Inflammation biomarkers were increased after UUO and decreased by administration of ELA13. Furthermore, we found that the levels of essential molecules in the mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways were reduced by ELA13 treatment in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, ELA13 protected against kidney fibrosis through inhibiting the Smad and ERK signaling pathways and could thus be a promising candidate for anti-renal fibrosis treatment.  
        Keywords：ELA13;Kidney fibrosis;Inflammation;Smad;Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)   
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        Published：2024-04-07

        Correspondence

      • Ping WANG,Congying SONG,Xuan LU,Yuanqiang LU
        Vol. 25, Issue 4, Pages: 354-358(2024) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300469
        Abstract：草铵膦作为谷氨酸（Glu）的结构类似物，可以不可逆地抑制植物中谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸脱羧酶活性，从而阻止谷氨酰胺（Gln）生成，最终导致植物因氮代谢紊乱和细胞内氨积累而死亡。人误服草胺磷后也会出现相应的中毒症状，包括胃肠道症状和神经毒性。草铵膦作为最常见的致癫痫类除草剂，且无特定解毒剂，因此支持性治疗至关重要。在临床诊治过程中，如何及时有效识别草铵膦除草剂引起的神经毒性并提供适当治疗尤为关键。本文介绍了我院三名草铵膦中毒患者的主要症状，其中癫痫是主要的神经表现。随后，通过查阅相关文献，对草铵膦引发神经毒性的相关机制进行了总结，并讨论了神经毒性的预测和检测方法。  
          
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        Published：2024-04-07
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