Latest Issue
Issue 4 ， 2023
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Promising roles of non-exosomal and exosomal non-coding RNAs in the regulatory mechanism and as diagnostic biomarkers in myocardial infarction
Abstract：Non-exosomal non-coding RNAs (non-exo-ncRNAs) and exosomal ncRNAs (exo-ncRNAs) have been associated with the pathological development of myocardial infarction (MI). Accordingly, this analytical review provides an overview of current MI studies on the role of plasma non-exo/exo-ncRNAs. We summarize the features and crucial roles of ncRNAs and reveal their novel biological correlations via bioinformatics analysis. The following contributions are made: (1) we comprehensively describe the expression profile, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and “pre-necrotic” biomarkers of non-exo/exo-ncRNAs for MI; (2) functional enrichment analysis indicates that the target genes of ncRNAs are enriched in the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway and cellular response to chemical stress, etc.; (3) we propose an updated and comprehensive view on the mechanisms, pathophysiology, and biomarker roles of non-exo/exo-ncRNAs in MI, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the clinical management of MI.Keywords：Exosome;Non-exosomal non-coding RNA (ncRNA);Exosomal ncRNA;Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA);MicroRNA (miRNA);Circular RNA (circRNA);Myocardial Infarction (MI)- 60
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Published：2023-04-14 -
Iron accumulation and its impact on osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women
Abstract：Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a kind of degenerative disease, also described as “invisible killer.” Estrogen is generally considered as the key hormone for women to maintain bone mineral content during their lives. Iron accumulation refers to a state of human serum ferritin that is higher than the normal value but less than 1000 μg/L. It has been found that iron accumulation and osteoporosis could occur simultaneously with the decrease in estrogen level after menopause. In recent years, many studies indicated that iron accumulation plays a vital role in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and a significant correlation has been found between iron accumulation and fragility fractures. In this review, we summarize and analyze the relevant literature including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses between January 1996 and July 2022. We investigate the mechanism of the effect of iron accumulation on bone metabolism and discuss the relationship of iron accumulation, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal fragility fractures, as well as the main clinical treatment strategies. We conclude that it is necessary to pay attention to the phenomenon of iron accumulation in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and explore the in-depth mechanism of abnormal bone metabolism caused by iron accumulation, in order to facilitate the discovery of effective therapeutic targets for postmenopausal osteoporosis.Keywords：Iron accumulation;Postmenopausal osteoporosis;Bone metabolism;Osteoporotic fracture- 30
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Published：2023-04-14
Review
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Short-chain fatty acids ameliorate spinal cord injury recovery by regulating the balance of regulatory T cells and effector IL-17+ γδ T cells
Abstract：Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunctions. The gut microbiome has an important role in SCI, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one of the main bioactive mediators of microbiota. In the present study, we explored the effects of oral administration of exogenous SCFAs on the recovery of locomotor function and tissue repair in SCI. Allen’s method was utilized to establish an SCI model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The animals received water containing a mixture of 150 mmol/L SCFAs after SCI. After 21 d of treatment, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score increased, the regularity index improved, and the base of support (BOS) value declined. Spinal cord tissue inflammatory infiltration was alleviated, the spinal cord necrosis cavity was reduced, and the numbers of motor neurons and Nissl bodies were elevated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry assay revealed that the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 increased and that of IL-17 decreased in the spinal cord. SCFAs promoted gut homeostasis, induced intestinal T cells to shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and promoted regulatory T (Treg) cells to secrete IL-10, affecting Treg cells and IL-17+ γδ T cells in the spinal cord. Furthermore, we observed that Treg cells migrated from the gut to the spinal cord region after SCI. The above findings confirm that SCFAs can regulate Treg cells in the gut and affect the balance of Treg and IL-17+ γδ T cells in the spinal cord, which inhibits the inflammatory response and promotes the motor function in SCI rats. Our findings suggest that there is a relationship among gut, spinal cord, and immune cells, and the “gut-spinal cord-immune” axis may be one of the mechanisms regulating neural repair after SCI.Keywords：Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs);Spinal cord injury (SCI);Regulatory T cells;IL-17+ γδ T cells;Neuroprotection;Inflammation;Motor function recovery- 31
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Published：2023-04-14 -
An expandable chamber for safe brain retraction: new technologies in the field of transcranial endoscopic surgery
Abstract：Neurosurgery is a highly specialized field: it often involves surgical manipulation of noble structures and cerebral retraction is frequently necessary to reach deep-seated brain lesions. There are still no reliable methods preventing possible retraction complications. The objective of this study was to design work chambers well suited for transcranial endoscopic surgery while providing safe retraction of the surrounding brain tissue. The chamber is designed to be inserted close to the intracranial point of interest; once it is best placed it can be opened. This should guarantee an appreciable workspace similar to that of current neurosurgical procedures. The experimental aspect of this study involved the use of a force sensor to evaluate the pressures exerted on the brain tissue during the retraction phase. Following pterional craniotomy, pressure measurements were made during retraction with the use of a conventional metal spatula with different inclinations. Note that, although the force values necessary for retraction and exerted on the spatula by the neurosurgeon are the same, the local pressure exerted on the parenchyma at the edge of the spatula at different inclinations varied greatly. A new method of cerebral retraction using a chamber retractor (CR) has been designed to avoid any type of complication due to spatula edge overpressures and to maintain acceptable pressure values exerted on the parenchyma.Keywords：Brain retraction;Spatula;Brain retractor design;Brain retraction injury;Retraction complication;Transcranial endoscopic surgery- 35
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Published：2023-04-14 -
Effects of rumen microorganisms on the decomposition of recycled straw residue
Abstract：Recently, returning straw to the fields has been proved as a direct and effective method to tackle soil nutrient loss and agricultural pollution. Meanwhile, the slow decomposition of straw may harm the growth of the next crop. This study aimed to determine the effects of rumen microorganisms (RMs) on straw decomposition, bacterial microbial community structure, soil properties, and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that RMs significantly enhanced the degradation rate of straw in the soil, reaching 39.52%, which was 41.37% higher than that of the control on the 30th day after straw return. After 30 d, straw degradation showed a significant slower trend in both the control and the experimental groups. According to the soil physicochemical parameters, the application of rumen fluid expedited soil matter transformation and nutrient buildup, and increased the urease, sucrase, and cellulase activity by 10%‒20%. The qualitative analysis of straw showed that the hydroxyl functional group structure of cellulose in straw was greatly damaged after the application of rumen fluid. The analysis of soil microbial community structure revealed that the addition of rumen fluid led to the proliferation of Actinobacteria with strong cellulose degradation ability, which was the main reason for the accelerated straw decomposition. Our study highlights that returning rice straw to the fields with rumen fluid inoculation can be used as an effective measure to enhance the biological value of recycled rice straw, proposing a viable solution to the problem of sluggish straw decomposition.Keywords：Rumen microorganisms (RMs);Straw return;Microbial inoculant;Decomposed straw;Soil microorganisms- 30
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Published：2023-04-14
Research Article
Correspondence
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