Latest Issue
      Issue 12 ， 2023

        Review

      • Sakura KARUNARATHNE,Esther WALKER,Darshan SHARMA,Chengdao LI,Yong HAN
        Vol. 24, Issue 12, Pages: 1069-1092(2023) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2200552
        Abstract：Abiotic stresses, predominately drought, heat, salinity, cold, and waterlogging, adversely affect cereal crops. They limit barley production worldwide and cause huge economic losses. In barley, functional genes under various stresses have been identified over the years and genetic improvement to stress tolerance has taken a new turn with the introduction of modern gene-editing platforms. In particular, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is a robust and versatile tool for precise mutation creation and trait improvement. In this review, we highlight the stress-affected regions and the corresponding economic losses among the main barley producers. We collate about 150 key genes associated with stress tolerance and combine them into a single physical map for potential breeding practices. We also overview the applications of precise base editing, prime editing, and multiplexing technologies for targeted trait modification, and discuss current challenges including high-throughput mutant genotyping and genotype dependency in genetic transformation to promote commercial breeding. The listed genes counteract key stresses such as drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiency, and the potential application of the respective gene-editing technologies will provide insight into barley improvement for climate resilience.  
        Keywords：Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR);Gene function;Drought;Genetic improvement;Transcription regulation;Breeding   
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        Published：2024-01-19
      • Siti Hafsyah IDRIS,Nurzatil Sharleeza MAT JALALUDDIN,Lee Wei CHANG
        Vol. 24, Issue 12, Pages: 1093-1105(2023) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2200601
        Abstract：Biotechnology policies and regulations must be revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in plant-breeding technology. New Plant Breeding Techniques (NPBT) such as gene editing have been applied to address the myriad of challenges in plant breeding, while the use of NPBT as emerging biotechnological tools raises legal and ethical concerns. This study aims to highlight how gene editing is operationalized in the existing literature and examine the critical issues of ethical and legal issues of gene editing for plant breeding. We carried out a systematic literature review (SLR) to provide the current states of ethical and legal discourses surrounding this topic. We also identified critical research priority areas and policy gaps that must be addressed when designing the future governance of gene editing in plant breeding.  
        Keywords：Systematic literature review;Gene editing;Plant breeding;Ethical and legal issues;Consequentialism;Virtue ethics principles   
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        Published：2024-01-19
      • Yirui LU,Yutong RAN,Hong LI,Jiao WEN,Xiaodong CUI,Xiaoyun ZHANG,Xiumei GUAN,Min CHENG
        Vol. 24, Issue 12, Pages: 1106-1122(2023) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300128
        Abstract：With the development of modern sequencing techniques and bioinformatics, genomes that were once thought to be noncoding have been found to encode abundant functional micropeptides (miPs), a kind of small polypeptides. Although miPs are difficult to analyze and identify, a number of studies have begun to focus on them. More and more miPs have been revealed as essential for energy metabolism homeostasis, immune regulation, and tumor growth and development. Many reports have shown that miPs are especially essential for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and regulating mitochondrial function. MiPs are also involved in the progression of related diseases. This paper reviews the sources and identification of miPs, as well as the functional significance of miPs for metabolism-related diseases, with the aim of revealing their potential clinical applications.  
        Keywords：Energy metabolism;Micropeptides;Mitochondria;Noncoding RNA (ncRNA);Small open reading frame (sORF)   
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        Published：2024-01-19
      • Qiuhui YANG,Yeqin FU,Jiaxuan WANG,Hongjian YANG,Xiping ZHANG
        Vol. 24, Issue 12, Pages: 1123-1140(2023) DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2300067
        Abstract：Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously endangers women’s lives. The prognosis of breast cancer patients differs among molecular types. Compared with other subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been a research hotspot in recent years because of its high degree of malignancy, strong invasiveness, rapid progression, easy of recurrence, distant metastasis, poor prognosis, and high mortality. Many studies have found that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the occurrence, proliferation, migration, recurrence, chemotherapy resistance, and other characteristics of TNBC. Some lncRNAs are expected to become biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of TNBC, and even new targets for its treatment. Based on a PubMed literature search, this review summarizes the progress in research on lncRNAs in TNBC and discusses their roles in TNBC diagnosis, prognosis, and chemotherapy with the hope of providing help for future research.  
        Keywords：Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC);Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA);Diagnosis;Prognosis;Chemotherapy resistance   
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        Published：2024-01-19
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