Latest Issue
Issue 3 ， 2022
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Emerging role of protein modification in inflammatory bowel disease
Abstract：The onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves many factors, including environmental parameters, microorganisms, and the immune system. Although research on IBD continues to expand, the specific pathogenesis mechanism is still unclear. Protein modification refers to chemical modification after protein biosynthesis, also known as post-translational modification (PTM), which causes changes in the properties and functions of proteins. Since proteins can be modified in different ways, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, the functions of proteins in different modified states will also be different. Transitions between different states of protein or changes in modification sites can regulate protein properties and functions. Such modifications like neddylation, sumoylation, glycosylation, and acetylation can activate or inhibit various signaling pathways (e.g., nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT)) by changing the intestinal flora, regulating immune cells, modulating the release of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and ultimately leading to the maintenance of the stability of the intestinal epithelial barrier. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of PTM and describe its regulatory role in the pathogenesis of IBD.Keywords：Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD);Protein modification;Neddylation;Sumoylation;Glycosylation;Acetylation- 123
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Published：2022-03-09 -
Modification of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) physical features to improve osteointegration
Abstract：Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely applied in orthopedics because of its excellent mechanical properties, radiolucency, and biocompatibility. However, the bioinertness and poor osteointegration of PEEK have greatly limited its further application. Growing evidence proves that physical factors of implants, including their architecture, surface morphology, stiffness, and mechanical stimulation, matter as much as the composition of their surface chemistry. This review focuses on the multiple strategies for the physical modification of PEEK implants through adjusting their architecture, surface morphology, and stiffness. Many research findings show that transforming the architecture and incorporating reinforcing fillers into PEEK can affect both its mechanical strength and cellular responses. Modified PEEK surfaces at the macro scale and micro/nano scale have positive effects on cell–substrate interactions. More investigations are necessary to reach consensus on the optimal design of PEEK implants and to explore the efficiency of various functional implant surfaces. Soft-tissue integration has been ignored, though evidence shows that physical modifications also improve the adhesion of soft tissue. In the future, ideal PEEK implants should have a desirable topological structure with better surface hydrophilicity and optimum surface chemistry.Keywords：Polyetheretherketone (PEEK);Surface topography;Architecture;Stiffness;Bone integration- 139
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Published：2022-03-09
Review
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Transition of autophagy and apoptosis in fibroblasts depends on dominant expression of HIF-1α or p53
Abstract：It has been revealed that hypoxia is dynamic in hypertrophic scars; therefore, we considered that it may have different effects on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and p53 expression. Herein, we aimed to confirm the presence of a teeterboard-like conversion between HIF-1α and p53, which is correlated with scar formation and regression. Thus, we obtained samples of normal skin and hypertrophic scars to identify the differences in HIF-1α and autophagy using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, we used moderate hypoxia in vitro to simulate the proliferative scar, and silenced HIF-1α or p53 gene expression or triggered overexpression to investigate the changes of HIF-1α and p53 expression, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell proliferation under this condition. HIF-1α, p53, and autophagy-related proteins were assayed using western blotting and immunofluorescence, whereas apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry analysis, and cell proliferation was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the binding of HIF-1α and p53 to transcription cofactor p300. Our results demonstrated that, in scar tissue, HIF-1α expression increased in parallel with autophagosome formation. Under hypoxia, HIF-1α expression and autophagy were upregulated, whereas p53 expression and apoptosis were downregulated in vitro. HIF-1α knockdown downregulated autophagy, proliferation, and p300-bound HIF-1α, and upregulated p53 expression, apoptosis, and p300-bound p53. Meanwhile, p53 knockdown induced the opposite effects and enhanced HIF-1α, whereas p53 overexpression resulted in the same effects and reduced HIF-1α. Our results suggest a teeterboard-like conversion between HIF-1α and p53, which is linked with scar hyperplasia and regression.Keywords：Hypertrophic scar;Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α);p53;Autophagy;Apoptosis- 138
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Published：2022-03-09 -
Evaluation and simplification of risk factors in FIGO 2000 scoring system for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a 19-year retrospective analysis
Abstract：ObjectiveThe International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2000 scoring system classifies gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients into low- and high-risk groups, so that single- or multi-agent chemotherapy can be administered accordingly. However, a number of FIGO-defined low-risk patients still exhibit resistance to single-agent regimens, and the risk factors currently adopted in the FIGO scoring system possess inequable values for predicting single-agent chemoresistance. The purpose of this study is therefore to evaluate the efficacy of risk factors in predicting single-agent chemoresistance and explore the feasibility of simplifying the FIGO 2000 scoring system for GTN.MethodsThe clinical data of 578 GTN patients who received chemotherapy between January 2000 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify risk factors associated with single-agent chemoresistance in low-risk GTN patients. Then, simplified models were built and compared with the original FIGO 2000 scoring system.ResultsAmong the eight FIGO risk factors, the univariate and multivariate analyses identified that pretreatment serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level and interval from antecedent pregnancy were consistently independent predictors for both first-line and subsequent single-agent chemoresistance. The simplified model with two independent factors showed a better performance in predicting single-agent chemoresistance than the model with the other four non-independent factors. However, the addition of other co-factors did improve the efficiency. Overall, simplified models can achieve favorable performance, but the original FIGO 2000 prognostic system still features the highest discrimination.ConclusionsPretreatment serum hCG level and interval from antecedent pregnancy were independent predictors for both first-line and subsequent single-agent chemoresistance, and they had greater weight than other non-independent factors in predicting single-agent chemoresistance. The simplified model composed of certain selected factors is a promising alternative to the original FIGO 2000 prognostic system, and it shows comparable performance.Keywords：Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN);Single-agent chemotherapy;Chemoresistance;Risk factor- 136
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Published：2022-03-09
Research Article
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A new benzaldehyde from the coral-derived fungus
Aspergillus terreus C23-3 and its anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of MAPK signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cellsAbstract：目的：研究从一株徐闻牡丹珊瑚来源的土曲霉C23-3的发酵液中所提取出来的新化合物(S)-3-(2,3-二羟基-3-甲基丁基)-4-羟基苯甲醛（(S)-3-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde）（1）以及已知天然产物4-羟基-3-(3-甲基丁-2-烯-1-基)-苯甲醛（4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-benzaldehyde）（2）的抗氧化和抗炎活性及其机制。创新点：从一株徐闻牡丹珊瑚来源的土曲霉C23-3的发酵液中所提取出来了一种新化合物1及已知天然产物2，目前这两种苯甲醛的炎症相关研究尚未有报道。此外，这两种苯甲醛在未来的炎症相关疾病中有潜在的应用前景。方法：通过一维（1D）、二维核磁共振谱（2D NMR）、高分辨电喷雾质谱（HR-ESI-MS）和旋光性分析，得到了一种新的化合物(S)-3-(2,3-二羟基-3-甲基丁基)-4-羟基苯甲醛。运用免疫印迹法、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、免疫荧光法和分子对接等方法，并通过研究一氧化氮（NO）、活性氧（ROS）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）和核因子-κB（NF-κB）信号通路的表达来探讨其抗炎作用。结论：这两种苯甲醛具有显著的抗炎能力，是iNOS、COX-2、c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）、细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK）和p38的潜在抑制剂。Keywords：苯甲醛;土曲霉C23-3;抗炎;MAPK信号通路;RAW264.7- 124
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Published：2022-03-09 -
Genetic diversity analysis of forty-three insertion/deletion loci for forensic individual identification in Han Chinese from Beijing based on a novel panel
Abstract：目的：评估新研发的43个InDel位点复合体系在北京汉族群体中的法医学应用效能，并探究北京汉族群体的遗传结构。创新点：基于课题组自主研发的所有位点扩增子小于200 bp，适宜于降解检材分型的43个用于个体识别的InDel位点。研究为北京汉族群体的个体识别提供有效的分子遗传标记，丰富北京汉族群体的InDel遗传数据。方法：采集301名来自北京地区无血缘关系的健康个体血样，通过毛细管电泳平台对这些样本的43个InDel位点进行复合扩增分型检测，计算43个InDel位点在北京汉族群体的等位基因频率及法医学参数。通过主成分分析、系统发育树构建和群体遗传结构分析，探索北京汉族群体与26个参考群体之间的遗传关系。结论：43个InDel位点在北京汉族群体中具有较高的遗传多态性，其累积个体识别率和累积非父排除概率值分别为1−3.17×10−18和0.999869，表明该体系可用于北京汉族群体的个体识别。群体遗传学分析结果显示，北京汉族群体和来自中国不同地区的汉族群体之间遗传关系较近。Keywords：插入/缺失多态性（InDel）;北京汉族;个体识别- 80
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Published：2022-03-09 -
OShnscc: a novel user-friendly online survival analysis tool for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on RNA expression profiles and long-term survival information
Abstract：目的：头颈鳞癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一，预后较差。开发新的预后分子标志物对于改善头颈鳞癌患者的预后具有重要意义。因此，本研究通过整合公共癌症数据库中的头颈鳞癌表达谱数据及临床生存信息，开发了头颈鳞癌在线生存分析工具OShnscc（Online consensus Survival tool for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma），用于评价基因mRNA表达量与头颈鳞癌患者生存时间的相关性。创新点：本研究开发的OShnscc是目前为止包含头颈鳞癌预后数据集最多、样本量最大的在线生存分析工具。用户不仅可以在多个独立数据集中分析和比较基因的预后价值，还可以利用多种临床因素如肿瘤TNM分期、肿瘤分级、年龄、性别等因素作为筛选条件进行亚组预后分析。方法：OShnscc的开发包括三部分：（1）以样本为人头颈鳞癌临床样本的基因芯片或二代测序数据且数据集样本数大于20个为筛选标准，从公共癌症数据库中收集和筛选有效的头颈鳞癌数据集；（2）使用SQL Server 2008对样本头颈鳞癌表达谱数据与样本生存时间进行回归分析，构建头颈鳞癌预后数据库；（3）采用Java语言开发在线分析系统，使用R语言进行生存分析，应用R sever服务进行Java语言与R语言的连接。结论：OShnscc是一个公开免费的在线生存分析工具（网址：http://bioinfo.henu.edu.cn/HNSC/HNSCList.jsp），为缺少生物信息学背景的医学及相关科研人员提供一个快速分析基因mRNA表达量与头颈鳞癌患者预后关系的平台，有助于推动头颈鳞癌的预后标志物开发。Keywords：头颈鳞癌;在线生存分析工具;预后标志物- 104
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Published：2022-03-09 -
Ameliorative effect of scutellarin on acute alcohol brain injury in mice
Abstract：随着酗酒导致的死亡比例逐年增加，酒精对机体造成的伤害越来越受到重视。氧化应激和炎症是酗酒引起的最常见的病理现象。灯盏花乙素是从灯盏花中提取的黄酮类化合物。它具有抗炎症和抗氧化活性，常被用于高血压、糖尿病、神经炎等多种疾病。但是灯盏花乙素对酒精性脑损伤的是否具有保护作用尚不明确。因此，本研究基于灯盏花乙素抗炎和抗氧化这两大靶点，建立了小鼠急性酒精性脑损伤模型，并进行组织病理学观察、生化指标检测和炎性因子表达测定。结果表明，灯盏花乙素可改善脑组织损伤，并显著降低由于酒精暴露引起的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α炎症因子的异常升高，同时也显著增强SOD、CAT等抗氧化酶的活性。因此，灯盏花乙素对酒精引起的急性脑损伤具有缓解作用。Keywords：酒精性脑损伤;灯盏花乙素;炎症;氧化应激- 124
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Published：2022-03-09
Correspondence
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