Latest Issue
Issue 1 ， 2022
-
A comprehensive update: gastrointestinal microflora, gastric cancer and gastric premalignant condition, and intervention by traditional Chinese medicine
Abstract：With the recent upsurge of studies in the field of microbiology, we have learned more about the complexity of the gastrointestinal microecosystem. More than 30 genera and 1000 species of gastrointestinal microflora have been found. The structure of the normal microflora is relatively stable, and is in an interdependent and restricted dynamic equilibrium with the body. In recent years, studies have shown that there is a potential relationship between gastrointestinal microflora imbalance and gastric cancer (GC) and precancerous lesions. So, restoring the balance of gastrointestinal microflora is of great significance. Moreover, intervention in gastric premalignant condition (GPC), also known as precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC), has been the focus of current clinical studies. The holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is consistent with the microecology concept, and oral TCM can play a two-way regulatory role directly with the microflora in the digestive tract, restoring the homeostasis of gastrointestinal microflora to prevent canceration. However, large gaps in knowledge remain to be addressed. This review aims to provide new ideas and a reference for clinical practice.Keywords：Gastric cancer (GC);Gastric premalignant condition (GPC);Precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC);Gastrointestinal microflora;Intervention by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)- 171
- |
- 0
- |
- 0
Published：2022-01-13 -
A dynamically evolving war between autophagy and pathogenic microorganisms
Abstract：Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that maintains cellular homeostasis. It is essential for protecting organisms from environmental stress. Autophagy can help the host to eliminate invading pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. However, pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to interfere with autophagic signaling pathways or inhibit the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes to form autolysosomes. Moreover, host cell matrix degradation by different types of autophagy can be used for the proliferation and reproduction of pathogens. Thus, determining the roles and mechanisms of autophagy during pathogen infections will promote understanding of the mechanisms of pathogen‒host interactions and provide new strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases.Keywords：Autophagy;Pathogenic microorganism;Bacteria;Virus;Fungi;Parasite- 33
- |
- 2
- |
- 0
Published：2022-01-13 -
Electromagnetic field exposure as a plausible approach to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in clinically relevant scenarios
Abstract：Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has been regarded as one of the most revolutionary breakthroughs in the history of modern medicine owing to its myriad of immunoregulatory and regenerative properties. With the rapid progress in the fields of osteo- and musculoskeletal therapies, the demand for MSC-based treatment modalities is becoming increasingly prominent. In this endeavor, researchers around the world have devised new and innovative techniques to support the proliferation of MSCs while minimizing the loss of hallmark features of stem cells. One such example is electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, which is an alternative approach with promising potential. In this review, we present a critical discourse on the efficiency, practicability, and limitations of some of the relevant methods, with insurmountable evidence backing the implementation of EMF as a feasible strategy for the clinically relevant expansion of MSCs.Keywords：Electromagnetic field;Proliferation;Mesenchymal stem cell;Therapy- 119
- |
- 0
- |
- 0
Published：2022-01-13
Review
-
Biocompatible chitosan/polyethylene glycol/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite scaffolds for neural tissue engineering
Abstract：Carbon nanotube (CNT) composite materials are very attractive for use in neural tissue engineering and biosensor coatings. CNT scaffolds are excellent mimics of extracellular matrix due to their hydrophilicity, viscosity, and biocompatibility. CNTs can also impart conductivity to other insulating materials, improve mechanical stability, guide neuronal cell behavior, and trigger axon regeneration. The performance of chitosan (CS)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite scaffolds could be optimized by introducing multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). CS/PEG/CNT composite scaffolds with CNT content of 1%, 3%, and 5% (1%=0.01 g/mL) were prepared by freeze-drying. Their physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the composite scaffolds had a highly connected porous structure. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy proved that the CNTs were well dispersed in the CS/PEG matrix and combined with the CS/PEG nanofiber bundles. MWCNTs enhanced the elastic modulus of the scaffold. The porosity of the scaffolds ranged from 83% to 96%. They reached a stable water swelling state within 24 h, and swelling decreased with increasing MWCNT concentration. The electrical conductivity and cell adhesion rate of the scaffolds increased with increasing MWCNT content. Immunofluorescence showed that rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells grown in the scaffolds had characteristics similar to nerve cells. We measured changes in the expression of nerve cell markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and found that PC12 cells cultured in the scaffolds expressed growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), and class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) proteins. Preliminary research showed that the prepared CS/PEG/CNT scaffold has good biocompatibility and can be further applied to neural tissue engineering research.Keywords：Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT);Cell-scaffold;PC12 cells;Biocompatibility- 114
- |
- 0
- |
- 0
Published：2022-01-13 -
Efficient gene editing in a medaka (
Oryzias latipes ) cell line and embryos by SpCas9/tRNA-gRNAAbstract：Generation of mutants with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is commonly carried out in fish species by co-injecting a mixture of Cas9 messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein and transcribed guide RNA (gRNA). However, the appropriate expression system to produce functional gRNAs in fish embryos and cells is rarely present. In this study, we employed a poly-transfer RNA (tRNA)-gRNA (PTG) system driven by cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter to target the medaka (Oryzias latipes) endogenous gene tyrosinase (tyr) or paired box 6.1 (pax6.1) and illustrated its function in a medaka cell line and embryos. The PTG system was combined with the CRISPR/Cas9 system under high levels of promoter to successfully induce gene editing in medaka. This is a valuable step forward in potential application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in medaka and other teleosts.Keywords：Medaka (Oryzias latipes);Gene editing;Poly-tRNA-gRNA;Embryos;Fish cells- 156
- |
- 1
- |
- 0
Published：2022-01-13
Research Article
-
Chemical characterization of a new sulfated polysaccharide from
Gracilaria chouae and its activation effects on RAW264.7 macrophagesAbstract：目的：脆江蓠是中国沿海广泛分布的重要经济红藻，多糖是其主要生物成分，通过对其多糖分离纯化、化学表征及活性评价，为脆江蓠的开发奠定实验基础。创新点：首次从脆江蓠中得到均一硫酸化多糖GCP-3A，并发现其多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7具有显著激活作用。方法：以脆江蓠为原料，采用水提醇沉、柱层析等方法分离纯化得到脆江蓠硫酸化多糖GCP-3A；采用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振（NMR）探究其化学特征；采用扫描电镜（SEM）和刚果红研究其表面形态；通过噻唑蓝（MTT）和一氧化氮（NO）试验分析其对RAW264.7巨噬细胞的活化作用。结论：GCP-3A是一种硫酸化酸性多糖，分子量为11.87 kDa，由木糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖组成，四者的摩尔比为3.00:29.28:0.63:0.45，且含有α,β-糖苷键。GCP-3A是一种由不规则片状和棒状交织而成的异质多糖，无三螺旋构象。此外，GCP-3A显著性地促进了RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖和NO分泌，具有应用于医药及功能性食品的潜力。Keywords：脆江蓠多糖;化学表征;巨噬细胞激活- 17
- |
- 1
- |
- 0
Published：2022-01-13
Correspondence
Loading...
0