Latest Issue
Issue 12 ， 2017
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Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit extract potentiates the anticancer efficacy of mitomycin C and cisplatin and reduces their genotoxicity to normal cells in vitroAbstract：Objective:Fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (PE) is widely consumed as a functional food and used as a folk medicine due to its remarkable nutritional and pharmacological effects. Mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (cDDP) are the most widely used forms of chemotherapeutic drug, but their clinical use is limited by their genotoxicity to normal cells. We aimed to determine whether PE has potential to reduce the genotoxicity, while improving the anticancer effect, of MMC and cDDP.Methods:Cell proliferation was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay and colony-forming assay. Genomic instability (GIN) was measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay.Results:Co-treatment (72 h) with PE at 20–320 μg/ml significantly enhanced the efficacy of MMC (0.05 μg/ml) and cDDP (1 μg/ml) against Colo205 colorectal cancer cells (P<0.05), and at 80–320 μg/ml significantly decreased MMC-and cDDP-induced GIN and multinucleation in normal colonic NCM460 cells (P<0.05). PE significantly decreased the mitotic index (P<0.01), blocked mitotic progression (P<0.05), and promoted apoptosis (P<0.01) in MMC-and cDDP-treated NCM460 cells, suggesting that PE-mediated inhibition of mitosis and induction of apoptosis may limit the division and survival of highly damaged cells. Also, PE was found to inhibit the clonal expansion of MMC-and cDDP-treated NCM460 cells (P<0.05) and decrease the heterogeneity of the surviving clones.Conclusions:PE potentiates the anticancer efficacy of MMC and cDDP, while preventing their genotoxicity and inhibiting clonal expansions of unstable genomes in normal cells. These data suggest that PE has the potential to reduce the risk of secondary cancers induced by chemotherapeutics.Keywords：Phyllanthus emblica;Mitomycin C;Cisplatin;Genomic instability;Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay- 17
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Published：2022-01-05 -
Kinesin KIF4A is associated with chemotherapeutic drug resistance by regulating intracellular trafficking of lung resistance-related protein#
Abstract：Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major impediment to cancer chemotherapy. The expression of lung resistance-related protein (LRP), a non-ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, is high in tumor cells, resulting in their resistance to a variety of cytotoxic drugs. However, the function of LRP in tumor drug resistance is not yet explicit. Our previous studies had shown that Kinesin KIF4A was overexpressed in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549/DDP cells) compared with A549 cells. The expression of KIF4A in A549 or A549/DDP cells significantly affects cisplatin resistance but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments to show that the tail domain of KIF4A interacted with the N-terminal of LRP. Immunofluorescence images showed that both the ability of binding to LRP and the motility of KIF4A were essential for the dispersed cytoplasm distribution of LRP. Altogether, our results shed light on a potential mechanism in that motor protein KIF4A promotes drug resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells through transporting LRP-based vaults along microtubules towards the cell membrane. Thus KIF4A might be a cisplatin resistance-associated protein and serves as a potential target for chemotherapeutic drug resistance in lung cancer.Keywords：KIF4A;Lung resistance-related protein (LRP);Drug resistance- 32
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Published：2022-01-05 -
Comparison of the characteristics of macrophages derived from murine spleen, peritoneal cavity, and bone marrow
Abstract：Macrophages have a diverse set of functions based upon their activation states. The activation states, including resting (M0) and polarizing (M1 and M2) states, of macrophages derived from the mouse bone marrow, spleen, and peritoneal cavity (BMs, SPMs, and PCMs, respectively) were compared. We evaluated the macrophage yield per mouse and compared the surface markers major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II and CD86 by flow cytometry. The relative mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, mannose receptor (MR), and Ym1 in the M0, M1, and M2 states were also compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Bone marrow yielded the most macrophages with the best homogeneity, but they were polarized toward the M2 phenotype. All three types of macrophages had the capacity to polarize into the M1 and M2 states, but SPMs had a stronger capacity to polarize into M1. The three types of macrophages showed no differences in their capacity to polarize into the M2 state. Therefore, the three types of macrophages have distinct characteristics regardless of their resting or polarizing states. Although bone marrow can get large amounts of homogeneous macrophages, the macrophages cannot replace tissue-derived macrophages.Keywords：Macrophage;Murine splenocytes;Murine bone marrow;Peritoneal cavity- 440
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Published：2022-01-05 -
Polymorphisms of the
IGF1 gene and their association with growth traits, serum concentration and expression rate ofIGF1 andIGF1R in buffaloAbstract：The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene is a member of the group of somatotropin axis genes that play a significant role in cell proliferation and growth of muscles. Here, we searched for polymorphisms in buffalo IGF1 and found two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), G64A and G280A, in the noncoding sequences of exon 1 and exon 4, respectively. Statistical analysis of different genotypes showed that the individuals with GG genotypes had significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) than those with other genotypes at ages of 3–6 months in G64A SNP and 6–9 months in G280A SNP. The combined genotypes of these two SNPs produced three haplotypes, GG/GG, AG/AG, and AA/AA, which were significantly associated (P<0.0001) with BW and ADG at an age from 3 to 12 months. Buffaloes with the homozygous GG/GG haplotype showed higher growth performance than other buffaloes. The two SNPs were correlated with mRNA levels of IGF1 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) in semitendinosus muscle as well as with the serum concentration level of IGF1. Also, buffaloes with GG/GG haplotype showed higher mRNA and serum concentration levels. The data revealed that these two SNPs could be valuable genetic markers for selection of Egyptian buffaloes for better performance in the population.Keywords：Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1);IGF1R;Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP);Growth traits;Buffalo- 14
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Published：2022-01-05 -
Monoclonal antibody-based serological assays for detection of Potato virus S in potato plants
Abstract：Potato virus S (PVS) often causes significant losses in potato production in potato-growing countries. In this study, the ordinary strain of PVS (PVSO) was purified from PVS-infected potato plants and used as the immunogen to produce hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Five highly specific and sensitive murine MAbs (1A3, 16C10, 18A9, 20B12, and 22H4) against PVS were prepared using conventional hybridoma technology. Using these MAbs, tissue print-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dot-ELISA, and double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA were developed for sensitive and specific detection of PVS infection in potato plants. The results of sensitivity assays revealed that PVS could be reliably detected in PVS-infected leaf crude extracts diluted at 1:10 240 and 1:163 840 (w/v, g/ml) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) by dot-ELISA and DAS-ELISA, respectively. Twenty-two samples collected from potato fields in Yunnan Province, China were tested for PVS infection using the serological assays we had developed, and 14 of them were found to be positive. This indicates that PVS is now prevalent in potato fields in Yunnan Province.Keywords：Potato virus S;Tissue print-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);Dot-ELISA;Double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA- 20
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Published：2022-01-05 -
Effects of dietary fresh fermented soybean meal on growth performance, ammonia and particulate matter emissions, and nitrogen excretion in nursery piglets
Abstract：This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh fermented soybean meal (FSM) on the growth performance of nursery piglets, nitrogen excretion in feces, and the concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (PM) in the piggery. A total of 472 nursery piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire, (16.3±0.36) kg body weight) were randomly allocated into two treatments with 236 pigs in each treatment. The pigs were fed the basal diet without fresh FSM (control) or diet containing 10% (100 g/kg) fresh FSM (FSM group), and the crude protein content of the two groups was consistent. The feeding trial lasted for 28 d. The results showed that the pigs fed fresh FSM had increased (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared with the control. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in feed to gain ratio (F:G) between the two groups. During the whole experiment, the concentration of NH3 in the piggery decreased (P<0.05) by 19.0%, and the concentrations of PM (PM10 and PM2.5) in the piggery decreased (P<0.05) by 19.9% and 11.6%, respectively, in the FSM group, compared with the control. The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in feces increased (P<0.05) by 32.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in the FSM group. The fecal pH declined (P<0.05) significantly in the FSM group compared with the control. At the end of experiment, total protein (TP) concentration was increased (P<0.05) significantly and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was decreased (P<0.05) for pigs fed the diet with fresh FSM. The results indicated that dietary fresh FSM not only improved the growth performance of nursery piglets, but also reduced the NH3 concentration in the piggery due to nitrogen conversion, and decreased the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the piggery.Keywords：Fresh fermented soybean meal;Ammonia;Particulate matter;Nitrogen conversion;Nursery piglet- 23
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Published：2022-01-05 -
Effects of glucose and gibberellic acid on glucosinolate content and antioxidant properties of Chinese kale sprouts
Abstract：Glucosinolates, anthocyanins, total phenols, and vitamin C, as well as antioxidant capacity, were investigated in Chinese kale sprouts treated with both glucose and gibberellic acid (GA3). The combination of 3% (0.03 g/ml) glucose and 5 μmol/L GA3 treatment was effective in increasing glucosinolate content while glucose or GA3 treatment alone did not influence significantly almost all individual glucosinolates or total glucosinolates. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Chinese kale sprouts were enhanced by combined treatment with glucose and GA3, which could be useful in improving the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity in Chinese kale sprouts.Keywords：Glucosinolate;Antioxidant; Glucose;Gibberellic acid;Chinese kale sprouts- 19
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Published：2022-01-05 -
Apoptosis induction of colorectal cancer cells HTL-9 in vitro by the transformed products of soybean isoflavones by
Ganoderma lucidum Abstract：Soybean isoflavones have been one of the potential preventive candidates for antitumor research in recent years. In this paper, we first studied the transformation of soybean isoflavones with the homogenized slurry of Ganoderma lucidum. The resultant transformed products (TSI) contained (703.21±4.35) mg/g of genistein, with transformed rates of 96.63% and 87.82% of daidzein and genistein, respectively, and TSI also could enrich the bioactive metabolites of G. lucidum. The antitumor effects of TSI on human colorectal cancer cell line HTL-9, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were also studied. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that TSI could dramatically reduce the viability rates of HTL-9 cells and MCF-7 cells without detectable cytotoxicity on GES-1 normal cells when the TSI concentration was lower than 100 μg/ml. With 100 μg/ml of TSI, HTL-9 cells were arrested in the G1 phase, and late-apoptosis was primarily induced, accompanied with partial early-apoptosis. TSI could induce primarily early-apoptosis by arresting cells in the G1 phase of MCF-7 cells. For HTL-9 cells, Western-blot and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that TSI (100 μg/ml) can up-regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and cytochrome c (Cyto-c), indicating that TSI could induce cell apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, the expression of p53 was up-regulated, while the expression of Survivin and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was down-regulated. All these results showed that TSI could induce apoptosis of HTL-9 cells by the regulation of multiple apoptosis-related genes.Keywords：Soybean isoflavones;Ganoderma lucidum;Transformation;Antiproliferative activity;Apoptosis- 74
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Published：2022-01-05 -
Efficacy of amiodarone and lidocaine for preventing ventricular fibrillation after aortic cross-clamp release in open heart surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract：Objective:The relative preventative efficacy of amiodarone and lidocaine for ventricular fibrillation (VF) after release of an aortic cross-clamp (ACC) during open heart surgery has not been determined. This meta-analysis was designed to systematically evaluate the influence of amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo on the incidence of VF after ACC.Methods:Prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the VF-preventative effects of amiodarone with lidocaine, or amiodarone or lidocaine with placebo were included. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant RCTs. Fixed or randomized effect models were applied according to the heterogeneity of the data from the selected studies.Results:We included eight RCTs in the analysis. Pooled results suggested that the preventative effects of amiodarone and lidocaine were comparable (relative risk (RR)=1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70 to 1.80, P=0.63), but both were superior to the placebo (amiodarone, RR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.51 to 1.00, P=0.05; lidocaine, RR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.88, P=0.006). The percentage of patients requiring electric defibrillation counter shocks (DCSs) did not differ significantly among patients administered amiodarone (RR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.04 to 1.19, P=0.08), lidocaine (RR=2.44, 95% CI: 0.13 to 44.02, P=0.55), or the placebo (RR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.25, P=0.16).Conclusions:Amiodarone and lidocaine are comparably effective in preventing VF after ACC, but the percentage of patients who subsequently require DCSs does not differ among those administered amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo.Keywords：Amiodarone;Lidocaine;Ventricular fibrillation;Open heart surgery- 16
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Published：2022-01-05
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