Human adult stem cells from menstrual blood and endometrial tissue

Human adult stem cells from menstrual blood and endometrial tissue 1 first-author 2 3 corresp ‡Corresponding Author ‡Corresponding Author †E-mail:cxiang@zju.edu.cn †E-mail:cxiang@zju.edu.cn cxiang@zju.edu.cn Cryo-Cell International Inc., Oldsmar, FL 34677, USA Cryo-Cell International Inc., Oldsmar, FL 34677, USA State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou 311121, China S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou 311121, China The article “Plasticity of human menstrual blood stem cells derived from the endometrium” by Lin et al. ( 2011 2011 ), published in Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) , described a newly identified mesenchymal-like stem cell (MSC) from human menstrual blood known as MenSC. Here we describe the latest findings in this area and clarify the difference between human adult stem cells from menstrual blood and endometrial tissue. MenSCs express pluripotent markers such as octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4), Nanog, and c-kit, in addition to typical MSC surface markers including cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9), CD29, CD44, CD49f, CD90, CD105, and CD166 (Patel et al., 2008 2008 ; Borlongan et al., 2010 2010 ). MenSCs have the ability to differentiate into mesoderm tissues such as cartilage (40%–50%), adipose (60%–70%), and bone (45%), with the degree of differentiation similar to or better than bone marrow-derived MSCs. MenSCs also have the capacity to differentiate into neural and cardiac lineages (Patel et al., 2008 2008 ). Our animal studies show that the human menstrual blood stem cells can repair several types of damaged cells in vivo (unpublished data). Meng et al. ( 2007 2007 ) and Murphy et al. ( 2008 2008 ) described the cells from menstrual blood termed endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) that express CD9, CD29, CD44, CD59, CD73, CD90, CD105, and Oct-4, but lack SSEA-4, Nanog, and c-kit. These cells have been demonstrated to differentiate into nine different cell lineages (cardiomyocytic, respiratory epithelial, neurocytic, myocytic, endothelial, pancreatic, hepatic, adipocytic, and osteogenic). Another source of human adult stem cell from endometrial tissue called eMSC expresses similar MSC markers (Gargett and Masuda, 2010 2010 ). Both MenSC and eMSC are negative for hematopoietic and endothelial markers such as CD34, CD38, CD45, and CD133 (Patel et al., 2008 2008 ; Gargett and Masuda, 2010 2010 ). Major differences between the cells include the invasive process required to retrieve the eMSC as well as the growth properties identified in vitro where eMSC but not MenSC requires growth factors and an extracellular matrix. Independent studies comparing eMSC to MenSC demonstrated 57 significant and differentially expressed genes (unpublished data). Both MenSC and eMSC are similar to bone marrow-derived MSC; however, stromal-derived factor-1 (STRO-1), a marker used to prospectively isolate bone marrow-derived MSC (Gronthos et al., 2003 2003 ), has not been found in cells from the endometrial tissue (Gargett and Masuda, 2010 2010 ) or in MenSCs, although decidual cells are known to express STRO-1 (García-Pacheco et al., 2001 2001 ). MenSCs recapitulate pluripotency properties as an alternative adult stem cell source that circumvents ethical and logistical limitations of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Recent studies reveal great potential of MenSCs for treating stroke (Borlongan et al., 2010 2010 ) and liver damage (unpublished data). References CV Borlongan , Y Kaneko , M Maki , SJ Yu , M Ali , JG Allickson , CD Sanberg , N Kuzmin-Nichols , PR Sanberg . Menstrual blood cells display stem cell-like phenotypic markers and exert neuroprotection following transplantation in experimental stroke . Stem Cells Dev , 2010 . 19 ( 4 ): 439 - 452 . 19860544 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0340 http://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2009.0340 . Menstrual blood cells display stem cell-like phenotypic markers and exert neuroprotection following transplantation in experimental stroke JM García-Pacheco , C Oliver , M Kimatrai , FJ Blanco , EG Olivares . Human decidual stromal cells express CD34 and STRO-1 and are related to bone marrow stromal precursors . Mol Hum Reprod , 2001 . 7 ( 12 ): 1151 - 1157 . 11719592 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/7.12.1151 http://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/7.12.1151 . Human decidual stromal cells express CD34 and STRO-1 and are related to bone marrow stromal precursors CE Gargett , H Masuda . Adult stem cells in the endometrium . Mol Hum Reprod , 2010 . 16 ( 11 ): 818 - 834 . 20627991 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq061 http://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaq061 . Adult stem cells in the endometrium S Gronthos , AC Zannettino , SJ Hay , S Shi , SE Graves , A Kortesidis , PJ Simmons . Molecular and cellular characterisation of highly purified stromal stem cells derived from human bone marrow . J Cell Sci , 2003 . 116 ( 9 ): 1827 - 1835 . 12665563 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00369 http://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.00369 . Molecular and cellular characterisation of highly purified stromal stem cells derived from human bone marrow J Lin , D Xiang , JL Zhang , J Allickson , C Xiang . Plasticity of human menstrual blood stem cells derived from the endometrium . J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) , 2011 . 12 ( 5 ): 372 - 380 . DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1100015 http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1100015 . Plasticity of human menstrual blood stem cells derived from the endometrium X Meng , TE Ichim , J Zhong , A Rogers , Z Yin , J Jackson , H Wang , W Ge , V Bogin , KW Chan , 等 . Endometrial regenerative cells: a novel stem cell population . J Transl Med , 2007 . 5 ( 1 ): 57 18005405 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-57 http://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-5-57 . Endometrial regenerative cells: a novel stem cell population MP Murphy , H Wang , AN Patel , S Kambhampati , N Angle , K Chan , AM Marleau , A Pyszniak , E Carrier , TE Ichim , 等 . Allogeneic endometrial regenerative cells: an “Off the shelf solution” for critical limb ischemia? . J Transl Med , 2008 . 6 45 18713449 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-45 http://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-6-45 . Allogeneic endometrial regenerative cells: an “Off the shelf solution” for critical limb ischemia? AN Patel , E Park , M Kuzman , F Benetti , FJ Silva , JG Allickson . Multipotent menstrual blood stromal stem cells: isolation, characterization, and differentiation . Cell Transplant , 2008 . 17 ( 3 ): 303 - 311 . 18522233 DOI: 10.3727/096368908784153922 http://doi.org/10.3727/096368908784153922 . Multipotent menstrual blood stromal stem cells: isolation, characterization, and differentiation 10.1631/jzus.B1200062 2012-03-01 2012-03-29 2012-03-19 2022-01-05 Copyright © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 2012 Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine and Biotechnology) 05 13