Enhancing rapeseed biomass and yield estimation with ensemble learning and synergistic multidimensional features

Yanni ZHANG; Xiaoyu CHAI; Jinpeng HU; Yaxiao NIU; Lizhang XU

doi:10.1631/jzus.B2500830

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Research Article | Updated：2026-05-15

Enhancing rapeseed biomass and yield estimation with ensemble learning and synergistic multidimensional features
Enhancing rapeseed biomass and yield estimation with ensemble learning and synergistic multidimensional features
基于集成学习与多维特征协同的油菜生物量与产量估算方法
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B Vol. 27, Issue 5, Pages: 499-516(2026)
Affiliations：

1.School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
2.Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2500830
CLC：
CSTR：
Received：17 December 2025，

Revised：2026-03-18，

Published：15 May 2026
Accepted：

张燕妮,柴晓玉,胡金鹏等.基于集成学习与多维特征协同的油菜生物量与产量估算方法[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(05):499-516.

Yanni ZHANG, Xiaoyu CHAI, Jinpeng HU, et al. Enhancing rapeseed biomass and yield estimation with ensemble learning and synergistic multidimensional features[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(5): 499-516.
张燕妮,柴晓玉,胡金鹏等.基于集成学习与多维特征协同的油菜生物量与产量估算方法[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(05):499-516. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2500830.

Yanni ZHANG, Xiaoyu CHAI, Jinpeng HU, et al. Enhancing rapeseed biomass and yield estimation with ensemble learning and synergistic multidimensional features[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(5): 499-516. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2500830.

摘要

准确估算收获前油菜产量和生物量是实现精准收获的关键前提。然而，目前关于针对油菜生物量与产量估算的系统性研究仍较为匮乏。为填补这一空白，本研究以江苏省油菜为研究对象，在其关键生长阶段（蕾苔期、开花期和结荚期），采用无人机（UAV）获取冠层多光谱和RGB图像。基于图像提取多维特征，采用四种机器学习技术构建生物量和产量估算模型。通过整合多维度和多阶段特征，并结合集成学习策略，本研究引入Shapley值（SHAP）进行特征重要性分析，构建了一个准确且透明的油菜收获属性预测框架。结果表明，光谱-纹理特征组合是生物量估算中最有效的特征组合，而产量估算的最优特征组合则是光谱-纹理-结构特征的三维协同。特征协同与集成学习策略的联合应用，显著提高了油菜生物量和产量估算的准确性（生物量：

=0.72，rRMSE=14.35%；产量：

=0.68，rRMSE=13.67%）。所提模型在不同品种与种植密度交互效应下均表现出稳定的预测性能。综上，本研究提出了一种准确且可泛化的油菜生物量产量估算方法，为精准收获提供了新的思路与见解。

Abstract

Accurate rapeseed yield and biomass estimation at the meter scale prior to harvest is crucial for precision harvesting. However

there is a scarcity of structured research on the estimation of rapeseed biomass yield. This study aims to address this gap by focusing on rapeseed in Jiangsu Province. Multispectral and RGB images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were taken during key growth stages (budding

flowering

and podding stages). Using the extracted multidimensional features

we developed biomass-yield estimation models using four machine learning techniques. Subsequently

we employed ensemble learning with multidimensional

multi-stage data and used Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) for feature contribution analysis

thereby constructing a framework for predicting rapeseed harvest characteristics with high estimation accuracy and interpretability. Our analysis indicates that spectral‒texture is the most effective feature combination for biomass estimation

whereas the optimal combination for yield estimation includes three-dimensional (3D) spectral‒textural‒structural features. The synergy of these features

coupled with an ensemble learning model

significantly enhanced the accur

acy of rapeseed biomass-yield estimation (biomass: coefficient of determination (

)=0.72

relative root mean square error (rRMSE)=14.35%; yield:

=0.68

rRMSE=13.67%). The proposed model also achieved stable prediction results across the variety‒density interaction. Overall

this study presents an accurate and generalizable approach for estimating rapeseed biomass yield across various planting patterns

offering new insights for precision harvesting.

关键词

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references

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