Interplay between gut microbiota and intestinal lipid metabolism:mechanisms and implications

Bingqing HANG; Yuhao WANG

doi:10.1631/jzus.B2500102

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Reviews | Updated：2025-11-04

Interplay between gut microbiota and intestinal lipid metabolism:mechanisms and implications
Interplay between gut microbiota and intestinal lipid metabolism:mechanisms and implications
肠道微生物群与肠道脂质代谢间的相互作用：机制和影响
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B Vol. 26, Issue 10, Pages: 961-971(2025)
Affiliations：

1.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
2.Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
3.Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2500102
CLC：
CSTR：
Received：05 March 2025，

Revised：2025-05-13，

Published Online：22 September 2025，

Published：20 October 2025
Accepted：

杭冰清,王宇浩.肠道微生物群与肠道脂质代谢间的相互作用：机制和影响[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2025,26(10):961-971.

Bingqing HANG, Yuhao WANG. Interplay between gut microbiota and intestinal lipid metabolism:mechanisms and implications[J]. Journal of zhejiang university-science b, 2025, 26(10): 961-971.
杭冰清,王宇浩.肠道微生物群与肠道脂质代谢间的相互作用：机制和影响[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2025,26(10):961-971. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2500102.

Bingqing HANG, Yuhao WANG. Interplay between gut microbiota and intestinal lipid metabolism:mechanisms and implications[J]. Journal of zhejiang university-science b, 2025, 26(10): 961-971. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2500102.

摘要

肠道微生物群作为人体中不可或缺的共生体系，是宿主脂质代谢稳态的关键调节因子，因此成为现代代谢性疾病病理生理机制研究的焦点。该微生物群落通过多维度机制协调宿主脂质动态平衡（吸收、代谢和储存），包括参与膳食多糖的酶促加工、肠上皮细胞长链脂肪酸摄取促进以及脂肪组织功能双向调节。越来越多研究表明，肠道微生物群衍生的代谢产物不仅能直接调控典型脂质代谢通路，而且通过与宿主免疫通路、表观遗传调控机制和生物钟系统的交互作用进而构建协调全身代谢的精密调控网络。肠道微生物群紊乱（生态失调）可破坏宿主脂质稳态，是肥胖、高脂血症和非酒精性脂肪肝等代谢性疾病的致病因素。本综述系统研究了肠道微生物群调控肠道脂质代谢的新机制，并阐明了其对理解代谢性疾病发病机制和开发靶向治疗的转化医学价值。

Abstract

The gut microbiota is an indispensable symbiotic entity within the human holobiont

serving as a critical regulator of host lipid metabolism homeostasis. Therefore

it has emerged as a central subject of research in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders. This microbial consortium orchestrates key aspects of host lipid dynamics—including absorption

metabolism

and storage—through multifaceted mechanisms such as the enzymatic processing of dietary polysaccharides

the facilitation of long-chain fatty acid uptake by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs)

and the bidirectional modulation of adipose tissue functionality. Mounting evidence underscores that gut microbiota-derived metabolites not only directly mediate canonical lipid metabolic pathways but also interface with host immune pathways

epigenetic machinery

and circadian regulatory systems

thereby establishing an intricate crosstalk that coordinates systemic metabolic outputs. Perturbations in microbial composition (dysbiosis) drive pathological disruptions to lipid homeostasis

serving as a pathogenic driver for conditions such as obesity

hyperlipidemia

and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review systematically examines the emerging mechanistic insights into the gut microbiota-mediated regulation of intestinal lipid metabolism

while it elucidates its translational implications for understanding metabolic disease pathogenesis and developing targeted therapies.

关键词

Keywords

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