Changes of folate constituents and contents in pakchoi as affected by nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution under hydroponic conditions

Yongcong ZHU; Wei CHENG; Yuemin NI; Wuzhong NI

doi:10.1631/jzus.B2500011

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Research Article | Updated：2025-12-31

Changes of folate constituents and contents in pakchoi as affected by nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution under hydroponic conditions
Changes of folate constituents and contents in pakchoi as affected by nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution under hydroponic conditions
水培条件下营养液中硝铵比对小白菜叶酸成分及含量变化的影响
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B Vol. 26, Issue 12, Pages: 1245-1259(2025)
Affiliations：

1.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.Agricultural Experimental Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2500011
CLC：
CSTR：
Received：07 January 2025，

Revised：2025-03-06，

Published：31 December 2025
Accepted：

朱永聪,程维,倪玥敏等.水培条件下营养液中硝铵比对小白菜叶酸成分及含量变化的影响[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2025,26(12):1245-1259.

Yongcong ZHU, Wei CHENG, Yuemin NI, et al. Changes of folate constituents and contents in pakchoi as affected by nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution under hydroponic conditions[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2025, 26(12): 1245-1259.
朱永聪,程维,倪玥敏等.水培条件下营养液中硝铵比对小白菜叶酸成分及含量变化的影响[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2025,26(12):1245-1259. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2500011.

Yongcong ZHU, Wei CHENG, Yuemin NI, et al. Changes of folate constituents and contents in pakchoi as affected by nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution under hydroponic conditions[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2025, 26(12): 1245-1259. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2500011.

摘要

蔬菜是人类获取叶酸的重要膳食来源。目前，不同氮剂量及形式对植物初级氮代谢（如氨基酸和蛋白质的合成）的影响虽已得到广泛研究，但硝态氮和铵态氮比值对蔬菜中叶酸合成和积累的影响尚不明确。本研究采用水培实验，通过设置六种不同硝铵比例，旨在探究硝铵比例对青菜叶酸组分和含量的影响。结果表明，水培营养液中适宜的硝铵比例能促进青菜生长，并通过提高多聚谷氨酰化5-CHO-THF和多聚谷氨酰化5-CH

-THF含量增加叶酸总含量；相同氮浓度下，供应铵态氮可降低叶酸生物合成相关的酶活性（除叶酰聚谷氨酸合成酶）。统计分析显示，叶酸含量与14种检测到的代谢物（包括果糖、蔗糖、谷氨酰胺、莽草酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、α-酮戊二酸、对氨基苯甲酸和6-羟甲基二氢蝶呤二磷酸等）呈显著负相关。这表明，铵态氮能通过加速叶酸前体及中间代谢物的消耗，促进青菜的叶酸生物合成。此外，铵态氮还可通过增加多聚谷氨酰化叶酸，降低γ-谷氨酰水解酶活性进而抑制叶酸的脱谷氨酰化，增强叶酸稳定性。鉴于此，在叶菜类作物水培栽培时，应策略性地选择硝铵比例。

Abstract

Vegetables are important dietary sources of folate for human nutrition. The influence of different nitrogen doses and forms on changes in primary nitrogen metabolism

such as amino acid and protein synthesis

in plants is well established. However

the impacts of the nitrate-N (

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)-to-ammonium-N (

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) ratio on folate synthesis and accumulation in vegetables are unclear. This study used a hydroponic experiment with

six different

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ratio treatments to investigate the effects of the integrated application of

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and

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on the folate constituents and contents of pakchoi (

Brassica rapa

subsp.

chinensis

). The results indicated that an appropriate

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ratio in nutrient solution could promote pakchoi growth and increase folate contents by increasing polyglutamylated 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF) and polyglutamylated 5-methyl-THF (5-CH

-THF). The activities of enzymes related to folate biosynthesis (except folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS)) were lower with an

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-N supply at the same nitrogen concentration. The statistical results revealed a significant negative correlation between folate contents and 14 detected metabolites (including fructose

sucrose

glutamine (Gln)

shikimate

citrate

succinate

malate

α-oxoglutarate

-aminobenzoate (

ABA)

and 6-hydroxymethyldihydropterin pyrophosphate (HMDH-P

) in the folate biosynthesis pathway)

implying that the enhancement of folates biosynthesis with

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-N supply increased the consumption of the folate precursors and intermediate metabolites. Additionally

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-N supply could improve folate stability by increasing polyglutamylated folates and reducing γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) activity; the latter could weaken folate deglutamylation. As the best growth and highest total folate content were obtained at the appropriate

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ratio

strategic selection of the

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ratio should be considered for the hydroponic cultivation of foliar vegetable crops.

关键词

Keywords

references

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