Roles of Wnt signaling pathway in cementum formation, cementum regeneration, and cementocyte function

Tiancheng LI; Xinyi ZENG; Shuxian YANG; Lynda Faye BONEWALD; Peipei DUAN

doi:10.1631/jzus.B2400637

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Roles of Wnt signaling pathway in cementum formation, cementum regeneration, and cementocyte function
Roles of Wnt signaling pathway in cementum formation, cementum regeneration, and cementocyte function
Wnt信号通路在牙骨质形成、再生与功能调控中的作用
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B Vol. 27, Issue 3, Pages: 207-224(2026)
Affiliations：

1.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases / National Center for Stomatology / National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases / Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
2.Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
3.Departments of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2400637
CLC：
CSTR：
Received：17 December 2024，

Revised：2025-03-26，

Online First：13 March 2026，

Published：18 March 2026
Accepted：

李天成,曾心怡,杨淑娴等.Wnt信号通路在牙骨质形成、再生与功能调控中的作用[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(03):207-224.

Tiancheng LI, Xinyi ZENG, Shuxian YANG, et al. Roles of Wnt signaling pathway in cementum formation, cementum regeneration, and cementocyte function[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(3): 207-224.
李天成,曾心怡,杨淑娴等.Wnt信号通路在牙骨质形成、再生与功能调控中的作用[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(03):207-224. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400637.

Tiancheng LI, Xinyi ZENG, Shuxian YANG, et al. Roles of Wnt signaling pathway in cementum formation, cementum regeneration, and cementocyte function[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(3): 207-224. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400637.

摘要

牙骨质作为覆盖在牙根表面的一层矿化结缔组织，是保护牙根不被吸收，维持咬合关系和牙齿支持功能的组织基础。牙骨质细胞嵌于牙骨质基质内，通过小管结构延伸出树突状突起。该细胞具有机械敏感性，能够响应机械负荷变化，是参与形成细胞性牙骨质的生理性响应细胞，可根据牙齿功能需求的变化进行适应性调整。Wnt信号通路作为调控机体细胞命运、生长发育及稳态的重要通路，在生物发育与疾病进程中均发挥着关键调控作用。目前，Wnt信号通路对牙骨质生成及再生的影响机制仍存争议，且关于Wnt/β-catenin信号在牙骨质细胞分化及功能中的作用，研究结果不一。部分研究表明该通路的激活可促进成牙骨质细胞分化，而另一些研究则认为Wnt信号可能通过抑制分化促进其增殖。本文对牙骨质的结构特征与生理功能进行系统综述；重点探讨了Wnt信号对成牙骨质细胞生长分化的影响机制，明确其在牙骨质形成、发育及牙根吸收修复中的关键作用；并推测低水平Wnt/β-catenin活性的维持对实现成牙骨质细胞增殖与分化的动态平衡至关重要；最后，提出了基于Wnt信号通路的牙周再生治疗策略，并对未来研究方向进行展望。

Abstract

Cementum

a mineralized connective tissue that covers the tooth root

is crucial in protecting the root from resorption

maintaining occlusal relationships

and supporting tooth function. Cementocytes are embedded within the cementum matrix and extend dendritic processes through the canaliculi. They are thought to be mechanosensitive

responding to changes in mechanical loading

and are physiologically responsive cells associated with the formation of cellular cementum in response to variations in functional demands on the tooth. The wingless and int (Wnt) signaling pathway

which controls cell fate and regulates growth

development

and homeostasis in the body

plays a pivotal regulatory role in normal biological development and disease progression. Currently

the mechanisms by which the Wnt signaling pathway influences cementogenesis and regeneration remain controversial. Research findings on the roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cementoblast differentiation and function have been mixed. Some studies indicate that activating this pathway enhances cementoblast differentiation

while others suggest that Wnt signaling may inhibit it

favoring cell proliferation instead. This paper reviews the structure and physiological roles of cementum

focusing on how Wnt signaling influences the growth and differentiation of cementoblasts. We emphasize the pivotal role of the Wnt pathway in cementum formation and development

as well as in root resorption and repair

and hypothesize that maintaining low Wnt/β-catenin levels is crucial to achieving an optimal balance between cementoblast proliferation and differentiation. Finally

we propose periodontal regeneration treatment strategies based on the Wnt signaling pathway and suggest future research directions.

关键词

Keywords

references

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Related Institution

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