Ectopic expression of structurally similar major royal jelly proteins reveals their distinct functions in <italic style="font-style: italic">Drosophila</italic>

Lingqi YU; Danfeng WANG; Xuanhao CHEN; Jiayu XIE; Dongjing WEN; Yi ZHANG; Lirong SHEN; Wenfeng CHEN; Zhenxing LIU; Yufeng YANG

doi:10.1631/jzus.B2400624

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Research Article | Updated：2026-03-18

Ectopic expression of structurally similar major royal jelly proteins reveals their distinct functions in Drosophila
Ectopic expression of structurally similar major royal jelly proteins reveals their distinct functions in Drosophila
果蝇模型系统性解析蜂王浆主蛋白在神经细胞中的功能异质性
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B Vol. 27, Issue 3, Pages: 295-309(2026)
Affiliations：

1.Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
2.Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
3.College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
4.School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
5.College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
6.State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2400624
CLC：
CSTR：
Received：09 December 2024，

Revised：2025-03-20，

Online First：14 March 2026，

Published：18 March 2026
Accepted：

余凌奇,王丹凤,陈宣豪等.果蝇模型系统性解析蜂王浆主蛋白在神经细胞中的功能异质性[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(03):295-309.

Lingqi YU, Danfeng WANG, Xuanhao CHEN, et al. Ectopic expression of structurally similar major royal jelly proteins reveals their distinct functions in Drosophila[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(3): 295-309.
余凌奇,王丹凤,陈宣豪等.果蝇模型系统性解析蜂王浆主蛋白在神经细胞中的功能异质性[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(03):295-309. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400624.

Lingqi YU, Danfeng WANG, Xuanhao CHEN, et al. Ectopic expression of structurally similar major royal jelly proteins reveals their distinct functions in Drosophila[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(3): 295-309. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400624.

摘要

蜂王浆是年轻工蜂下咽腺和下颌腺的分泌产物，富含蛋白质组分，其中80%–90%为蜂王浆主蛋白（MRJP）。已有研究表明，MRJP具有特定的生物学功能，且在神经元细胞中也有表达，然而其在生物体内的具体功能仍然知之甚少。本研究利用二元表达系统，在果蝇神经元中分别异位表达单个MRJP家族成员（MRJP1–9），并设置荧光蛋白表达作为对照，以探索它们的功能。转录组测序分析发现，尽管MRJP1–9具有相似的三级结构，但其过表达对基因集的影响存在差异。具体而言，MRJP1、MRJP2、MRJP3、MRJP5和MRJP7诱导了更多差异表达基因，而MRJP4、MRJP6、MRJP8和MRJP9诱导的差异表达基因较少。加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）和基因集富集分析（GSEA）分析结果表明，MRJP1、MRJP2、MRJP3、MRJP5和MRJP7调控了部分相互重叠的基因集，包括对雌二醇有反应的基因集，并激活了细胞增殖相关通路。相比之下，MRJP6未表现出显著的基因集富集特征，而MRJP8和MRJP9则调控了相似的基因集。值得注意的是，在果蝇神经元中特异性过表达MRJP1、MRJP2、MRJP3和MRJP5能够激活细胞增殖相关通路，并导致个体体型增大，这凸显了这些蛋白的功能多样性及其作用的环境依赖性。这些发现拓展了我们对MRJP功能作用的理解，并为在蜜蜂及其他生物中进一步探索其生物学功能奠定了基础。

Abstract

Royal jelly (RJ)

secreted by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of young worker bees

is rich in proteins

80%‒90% of which are major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). While MRJPs from RJ have been shown to exhibit specific biological functions and are also expressed in neuronal cells

their roles in vivo remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the functional roles of individual MRJPs (MRJP1‒9) in vivo by ectopically expressing them in

Drosophila

neurons in a binary expression system using fluorescent proteins as controls. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that although MRJP1‒9 share similar tertiary structures

their overexpression affects distinct gene sets. MRJP1

MRJP2

MRJP3

MRJP5

and MRJP7 induced more differentially expressed genes (DEGs)

while MRJP4

MRJP6

MRJP8

and MRJP9 induced fewer such genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that MRJP1

MRJP2

MRJP3

MRJP5

and MRJP7 regulated overlapping gene sets

including an estradiol-responsive set

and activated cell proliferation pathways. MRJP6 lacked any significant gene set enrichment

while MRJP8 and MRJP9 modulated similar sets. Notably

the neuron-specific overexpression of MRJP1

MRJP2

MRJP3

and MRJP5 in

Drosophila

showed activated cell proliferation-related pathways and increased body sizes

highlighting their functional diversity and context-dependent effects. These finding

s expand our understanding of the functional roles of MRJPs and provide a foundation for further exploring their biological significance in honeybees and beyond.

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Keywords

references

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Ectopic expression of structurally similar major royal jelly proteins reveals their distinct functions in Drosophila

Ectopic expression of structurally similar major royal jelly proteins reveals their distinct functions in Drosophila

DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2400624

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references