Regenerative potential of Schneiderian membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in sinus floor elevation model and calvarial defect model

Yuxin ZHAO; Jia WANG; Dongqi YOU; Yifan LU; Mengfei YU; Misi SI

doi:10.1631/jzus.B2400611

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Regenerative potential of Schneiderian membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in sinus floor elevation model and calvarial defect model

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Research Article | Updated：2026-06-23

Regenerative potential of Schneiderian membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in sinus floor elevation model and calvarial defect model
Regenerative potential of Schneiderian membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in sinus floor elevation model and calvarial defect model
施耐德膜来源间充质干细胞在上颌窦底提升模型与颅骨缺损模型中的再生潜能
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B Vol. 27, Issue 6, Pages: 628-644(2026)
Affiliations：

Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2400611
CLC：
CSTR：
Received：02 December 2024，

Revised：2025-03-19，

Online First：08 May 2026，

Published：15 June 2026
Accepted：

赵雨馨,王佳,游东奇等.施耐德膜来源间充质干细胞在上颌窦底提升模型与颅骨缺损模型中的再生潜能[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(06):628-644.

Yuxin ZHAO, Jia WANG, Dongqi YOU, et al. Regenerative potential of Schneiderian membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in sinus floor elevation model and calvarial defect model[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(6): 628-644.
赵雨馨,王佳,游东奇等.施耐德膜来源间充质干细胞在上颌窦底提升模型与颅骨缺损模型中的再生潜能[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(06):628-644. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400611.

Yuxin ZHAO, Jia WANG, Dongqi YOU, et al. Regenerative potential of Schneiderian membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in sinus floor elevation model and calvarial defect model[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(6): 628-644. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400611.

摘要

目的

施耐德膜来源间充质干细胞（SMMSCs）曾被报道具有体外成骨分化潜能，但其在体内的骨形成能力尚不明确。本研究旨在评估施耐德膜在上颌窦底提升中的成骨作用，并验证SMMSCs在颅骨缺损修复中的功能。

材料与方法

通过兔双侧上颌窦底提升术结合氯甲基苯甲酰胺二烷基碳菁荧光素（CM-Dil）标记技术评估施耐德膜的原位成骨能力；利用单细胞RNA测序技术解析人施耐德膜的细胞亚群特征；将SMMSCs与骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）联合明胶甲基丙烯酰（GelMA）支架移植于兔颅骨缺损区，通过显微CT与组织学分析评估骨再生效果。

结果

上颌窦底提升模型中，施耐德膜邻近区域观察到自发性骨形成；单细胞测序分析鉴定出成对相关同源框1（

PRRX1

）阳性祖细胞群主导了窦腔内成骨过程；颅骨缺损模型中，SMMSCs较BMSCs在移植后4周表现出更显著的早期骨再生能力，展现出更高的骨体积分数（BV/TV）。

结论

施耐德膜可能通过

PRRX1

祖细胞谱系参与成骨调控；SMMSCs可加速颅骨缺损的早期修复。本研究首次在体内验证了SMMSCs的成骨潜能，并在单细胞分辨率下阐明其分子机制。

Abstract

Objectives

Schneiderian membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMMSCs) have been reported to be osteogenic progenitor cells in vitro. However

there is controversy regarding the intrinsic osteogenic capacity of the Schneiderian membrane

and the bone formation potential of SMMSCs in vivo has never been reported. Therefore

in this study

we aimed to evaluate the contribution of the Schneiderian membrane to sinus floor elevation and to verify the function of SMMSCs in cranial bone defects.

Materials and methods

Bilateral sinus floor elevation with chloromethyl-benzamidodialkylcarbocyanine (CM-Dil) labeling was performed in rabbits to assess Schneiderian membrane osteogenesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to characterize human Schneiderian membrane cellular subsets. SMMSCs and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were transplanted into rabbit cranial defects with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) scaffolds and analyzed via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology.

Results

Spontaneous bone formation adjacent to the Schneiderian membrane was observed. Single-cell analysis identified paired-related homeobox 1 (

PRRX1

) progenitor clusters driving endosinus osteogenesis. SMMSCs exhibited earlier and superior bone regeneration compared with BMSCs

with higher tissue volume and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) ratios at four weeks after surgery.

Conclusions

The Schneiderian membrane likely contributes to osteogenesis via

PRRX1

progenitor lineages. SMMSCs promote accelerated early bone regeneration in cranial defects. This study provides the first in vivo validation of the osteogenic capacity of SMMSCs and defines their molecular identity at single-cell resolution.

关键词

Keywords

references

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