How do mechanical forces impact macrophages in the processes of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction?

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Review | Updated：2026-02-06

How do mechanical forces impact macrophages in the processes of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction?
How do mechanical forces impact macrophages in the processes of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction?
机械力如何影响巨噬细胞——机械感应和机械传导
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B Vol. 27, Issue 2, Pages: 129-148(2026)
Affiliations：

1.Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
2.Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
3.Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322200, China
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2400183
CLC：
CSTR：
Received：07 April 2024，

Revised：2024-11-21，

Online First：10 December 2025，

Published：06 February 2026
Accepted：

余丹,许晨露,江锦鹏等.机械力如何影响巨噬细胞——机械感应和机械传导[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(02):129-148.

Dan YU, Chenlu XU, Jinpeng JIANG, et al. How do mechanical forces impact macrophages in the processes of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction?[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(2): 129-148.
余丹,许晨露,江锦鹏等.机械力如何影响巨噬细胞——机械感应和机械传导[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2026,27(02):129-148. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400183.

Dan YU, Chenlu XU, Jinpeng JIANG, et al. How do mechanical forces impact macrophages in the processes of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction?[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2026, 27(2): 129-148. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400183.

摘要

巨噬细胞是一种机械敏感性细胞，在环境中会受到如拉力、剪切力和压缩力等各种机械力作用。巨噬细胞表面的机械信号感受器如细胞黏附分子和离子通道等可识别机械力，并在将其转化为胞内的生物信号后，激活不同的信号通路，调控自身的吞噬、迁移和极化等功能。巨噬细胞在不同环境刺激下转化为不同活化表型，并执行不同功能的现象也被称为巨噬细胞极化。在本综述中，我们讨论了机械敏感的整合素和离子通道在巨噬细胞机械信号感应中的作用，阐述了与整合素和离子通道密切相关的且已取得良好研究进展的下游信号通路，如核因子κB（NF-κB）通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）通路和Yes相关蛋白/转录共激活因子PDZ结合基序（YAP/TAZ）通路。此外，我们总结了一些关于机械外力调节巨噬细胞极化的体外实验、目前巨噬细胞体外实验的细胞模型和常用的施力装置，旨在为未来巨噬细胞的体外研究提供便利。本综述通过深入探究巨噬细胞的机械敏感应和传导机制，以期为人类疾病治疗提供新思路。

Abstract

Macrophages are sensitive cells to various external mechanical forces in the environment

such as stretch

shear

and pressure. Mechanical forces can be recognized by mechanical signal receptors on the cell surface

such as cell adhesion molecules and ion channels

and transformed into intracellular biological signals

in turn activating different signaling pathways and thereby regulating the phagocytosis

migration

and polarization of macrophages. The phenomenon in which macrophages transform into different activated phenotypes and perform different functions under varying environmental stimuli is also known as macrophage polarization. In this review

we discuss the roles of mechanically sensitive integrins and ion channels in the mechanical signal sensing of macrophages. We expound on several downstream signaling pathways closely related to integrins and ion channels

such as the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)

mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)

and Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) pathways

which have made good research progress. In addition

we summarize some in vitro experiments on the regulation of macrophage polarization by external mechanical forces

some current cell models for macrophages in vitro

and some commonly used force application devices

with the aim to provide convenience for future in vitro research on macrophages. This paper offers a deep understanding of the mechanical sensitivity and conduction mechanisms of macrophages

which can provide new ideas for the treatment of human diseases.

关键词

Keywords

references

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