EGCG as a therapeutic agent: a systematic review of recent advances and challenges in nanocarrier strategies

Chee Ning WONG; Yang Mooi LIM; Kai Bin LIEW; Yik-Ling CHEW; Ang-Lim CHUA; Siew-Keah LEE

doi:10.1631/jzus.B2400040

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Review | Updated：2025-07-25

EGCG as a therapeutic agent: a systematic review of recent advances and challenges in nanocarrier strategies
EGCG as a therapeutic agent: a systematic review of recent advances and challenges in nanocarrier strategies
EGCG作为治疗剂：纳米载体策略最新进展与挑战的系统综述
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology) Vol. 26, Issue 7, Pages: 633-656(2025)
Affiliations：

1.M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
2.Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
3.Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4.Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
Funds：
DOI：10.1631/jzus.B2400040
CLC：
CSTR：
Received：24 January 2024，

Revised：10 June 2024，

Published Online：30 June 2025，

Published：15 July 2025
Accepted：

Chee Ning WONG,Yang Mooi LIM,Kai Bin LIEW等.EGCG作为治疗剂：纳米载体策略最新进展与挑战的系统综述[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2025,26(07):633-656.

Chee Ning WONG, Yang Mooi LIM, Kai Bin LIEW, et al. EGCG as a therapeutic agent: a systematic review of recent advances and challenges in nanocarrier strategies[J]. Journal of zhejiang university-science b (biomedicine & biotechnology), 2025, 26(7): 633-656.
Chee Ning WONG,Yang Mooi LIM,Kai Bin LIEW等.EGCG作为治疗剂：纳米载体策略最新进展与挑战的系统综述[J].浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）,2025,26(07):633-656. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400040.

Chee Ning WONG, Yang Mooi LIM, Kai Bin LIEW, et al. EGCG as a therapeutic agent: a systematic review of recent advances and challenges in nanocarrier strategies[J]. Journal of zhejiang university-science b (biomedicine & biotechnology), 2025, 26(7): 633-656. DOI： 10.1631/jzus.B2400040.

摘要

表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯（EGCG）作为绿茶中富含的生物活性多酚，因其具有广泛的治疗应用而备受关注，包括抗氧化、抗炎作用以及潜在的抗癌特性。尽管前景广阔，但EGCG作为药物的实际应用一直受限于其固有的缺陷，包括生物利用度低、不稳定性和易降解等问题。本综述全面探讨了EGCG应用中当前存在的挑战，并评估了基于纳米颗粒的制剂在解决这些限制方面的潜力。凭借独特的理化性质，纳米颗粒为提高EGCG的稳定性、生物利用度和靶向递送提供了平台。目前采用的纳米颗粒策略包括聚合物纳米粒、胶束、脂质纳米载体、金属纳米粒和二氧化硅纳米粒等，这些策略显著增强了EGCG的稳定性与药理活性。本综述指出，大多数纳米载体的粒径分布在300 nm以内，其包封率介于51%至97%之间。值得注意的是，与游离EGCG相比，负载EGCG的纳米颗粒在抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌和抗菌等药理活性方面均有显著提升。通过系统分析现有文献并重点评述最新进展，本文为纳米颗粒介导的EGCG制剂提供了前瞻性见解，为开发更有效且具临床可行性的治疗策略奠定了基础。

Abstract

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)

a bioactive polyphenol abundant in green tea

has garnered significant attention for its diverse therapeutic applications

ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to potential anticancer properties. Despite its immense promise

the practical utilization of EGCG in therapeutic settings as a medication has been hampered by inherent limitations of this drug

including poor bioavailability

instability

and rapid degradation. This review comprehensively explores the current challenges associated with the application of EGCG and evaluates the potential of nanoparticle-based formulations in addressing these limitations. Nanoparticles

with their unique physicochemical properties

offer a platform for the enhanced stability

bioavailability

and targeted delivery of EGCG. Various nanoparticle strategies

including polymeric nanoparticle

micelle

lipid-based nanocarrier

metal nanoparticle

and silica nanoparticle

are currently employed to enhance EGCG stability and pharmacological activity. This review concludes that the particle sizes of most of these formulated nanocarriers fall within 300 nm and their encapsulation efficiency ranges from 51% to 97%. Notably

the pharmacological activities of EGCG-loaded nanoparticles

such as antioxidative

anti-inflammatory

anticancer

and antimicrobial effects

are significantly enhanced compared to those of free EGCG. By critically analyzing the existing literature and highlighting recent advancements

this article provides valuable insights into the promising prospects of nanoparticle-mediated EGCG formulations

paving the way for the development of more effective and clinically viable therapeutic strategies.

关键词

Keywords

references

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